pommer

English

Etymology

From German Pommer, from Middle High German bumhart, from Italian bombarda.

Noun

pommer (plural pommers)

1. (music) An alto, tenor, or bass instrument of the shawm family.
   • 1900, Musical News, page 378:

     The treble pommer was the equivalent of our hautboy; the bass pommer corresponded to our bassoon. Midway between these lay the alto and tenor pommers, of which the former (the alto), was doubtless the forerunner of the cor anglais.

   • 1936, Ray Giles, «Here Comes the Band!», New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, page 176:

     The Emperor Sigismund, Pope John XXIII, and many other Church dignitaries and others high in the affairs of state, sat in the council which opened in that year and lasted until 1418. For this occasion there were gathered together some five hundred musicians who played on fifes, fiddles, trumps, trombones, and pommers.

   • 1948, The Monthly Musical Record, page 230:

     The Fleming Denis van Alsloot’s ‘Procession of the Religious Orders from the Town of Antwerp…’, painted in 1616 shows with excellent clarity six musicians playing a trombone, two alto pommers, a discant schalmey, cornetto, and a dulzian played on the left side with the right hand uppermost, the exact opposite to the dulzian’s descendant, the bassoon, which is played the other way round.

Further reading

• Pommer on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

French

Etymology

From pomme +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɔ.me/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

pommer

1. (of vegetables, especially cabbage and lettuce) to develop a fruit

Conjugation

Conjugation of pommer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	pommer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	pommant /pɔ.mɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		pommé /pɔ.me/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	pomme /pɔm/	pommes /pɔm/	pomme /pɔm/	pommons /pɔ.mɔ̃/	pommez /pɔ.me/	pomment /pɔm/
	imperfect	pommais /pɔ.mɛ/	pommais /pɔ.mɛ/	pommait /pɔ.mɛ/	pommions /pɔ.mjɔ̃/	pommiez /pɔ.mje/	pommaient /pɔ.mɛ/
	past historic2	pommai /pɔ.me/	pommas /pɔ.ma/	pomma /pɔ.ma/	pommâmes /pɔ.mam/	pommâtes /pɔ.mat/	pommèrent /pɔ.mɛʁ/
	future	pommerai /pɔm.ʁe/	pommeras /pɔm.ʁa/	pommera /pɔm.ʁa/	pommerons /pɔm.ʁɔ̃/	pommerez /pɔm.ʁe/	pommeront /pɔm.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	pommerais /pɔm.ʁɛ/	pommerais /pɔm.ʁɛ/	pommerait /pɔm.ʁɛ/	pommerions /pɔ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/	pommeriez /pɔ.mə.ʁje/	pommeraient /pɔm.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	pomme /pɔm/	pommes /pɔm/	pomme /pɔm/	pommions /pɔ.mjɔ̃/	pommiez /pɔ.mje/	pomment /pɔm/
	imperfect2	pommasse /pɔ.mas/	pommasses /pɔ.mas/	pommât /pɔ.ma/	pommassions /pɔ.ma.sjɔ̃/	pommassiez /pɔ.ma.sje/	pommassent /pɔ.mas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	pomme /pɔm/	—	pommons /pɔ.mɔ̃/	pommez /pɔ.me/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “pommer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.