rifler

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp-

Proto-Germanic *rīfaną

Proto-Germanic *-lōną

Proto-Germanic *rīfilōną

Proto-West Germanic *rīfilōn

Frankish *rīffilōnbor.

Old French riflerbor.

Middle English riflen

English rifle

English -er

English rifler

From rifle + -er.

Noun

rifler (plural riflers)

1. One who rifles; a robber.

Anagrams

• ferril

Danish

Noun

rifler c

1. indefinite plural of riffel

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French rifler (“to scrape, scratch”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīfilōn via either Frankish *rīffilōn or Old High German riffilōn (“to tear by rubbing”), akin to rip, ripple. Compare Old English geriflian (“to wrinkle”), Old Norse rifa (“to tear, break”).

Pronunciation

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

Verb

rifler

1. (archaic) to flay
2. (archaic) to rub

Conjugation

Conjugation of rifler (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	rifler
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	riflant /ʁi.flɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		riflé /ʁi.fle/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	rifle /ʁifl/	rifles /ʁifl/	rifle /ʁifl/	riflons /ʁi.flɔ̃/	riflez /ʁi.fle/	riflent /ʁifl/
	imperfect	riflais /ʁi.flɛ/	riflais /ʁi.flɛ/	riflait /ʁi.flɛ/	riflions /ʁi.fli.jɔ̃/	rifliez /ʁi.fli.je/	riflaient /ʁi.flɛ/
	past historic2	riflai /ʁi.fle/	riflas /ʁi.fla/	rifla /ʁi.fla/	riflâmes /ʁi.flam/	riflâtes /ʁi.flat/	riflèrent /ʁi.flɛʁ/
	future	riflerai /ʁi.flə.ʁe/	rifleras /ʁi.flə.ʁa/	riflera /ʁi.flə.ʁa/	riflerons /ʁi.flə.ʁɔ̃/	riflerez /ʁi.flə.ʁe/	rifleront /ʁi.flə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	riflerais /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/	riflerais /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/	riflerait /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/	riflerions /ʁi.flə.ʁjɔ̃/	rifleriez /ʁi.flə.ʁje/	rifleraient /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	rifle /ʁifl/	rifles /ʁifl/	rifle /ʁifl/	riflions /ʁi.fli.jɔ̃/	rifliez /ʁi.fli.je/	riflent /ʁifl/
	imperfect2	riflasse /ʁi.flas/	riflasses /ʁi.flas/	riflât /ʁi.fla/	riflassions /ʁi.fla.sjɔ̃/	riflassiez /ʁi.fla.sje/	riflassent /ʁi.flas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	rifle /ʁifl/	—	riflons /ʁi.flɔ̃/	riflez /ʁi.fle/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• rifler la mort

Further reading

• “rifler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

rifler m or f

1. indefinite plural of rifle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

rifler f

1. indefinite plural of rifle

Old French

Alternative forms

• riffler, ryffler, rofler, rufler, rufeler

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *rīffilōn (“to scrape, scratch, tear”), from Proto-Germanic *rīfilōną (“to scrape, scratch, graze”). Alternatively borrowed from Old High German riffilōn of the same origin.

Verb

rifler

1. to scrape off, tear off, flay
2. to plane, shave
3. to plunder, despoil

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of rifler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		rifler			avoir riflé
gerund		en riflant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		riflant
past participle		riflé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	rifle	rifles	rifle	riflons	riflez	riflent
	imperfect	rifloie, rifleie, rifloe, rifleve	rifloies, rifleies, rifloes, rifleves	rifloit, rifleit, riflot, rifleve	rifliiens, rifliens	rifliiez, rifliez	rifloient, rifleient, rifloent, riflevent
	preterite	riflai	riflas	rifla	riflames	riflastes	riflerent
	future	riflerai	rifleras	riflera	riflerons	rifleroiz, riflereiz, riflerez	rifleront
	conditional	rifleroie, riflereie	rifleroies, riflereies	rifleroit, riflereit	rifleriiens, rifleriens	rifleriiez, rifleriez	rifleroient, riflereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	rifle	rifles	rifle	riflons	riflez	riflent
	imperfect	riflasse	riflasses	riflast	riflissons, riflissiens	riflissoiz, riflissez, riflissiez	riflassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	rifle	—	riflons	riflez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: rifler, riffler
  • French: rifler (archaic)
  • ⇒ Middle French: rafler (“take violently, abruptly remove”) (chiefly game term)
    • French: rafler (informal)
  • Picard: rafleu (Athois)
  • ⇒ Middle French: arafler, arifler (“to scratch, scrape”)
• → Middle English: riflen, ryflen
  • English: rifle
• ⇒ Old French: *rifle, rufle (“plundering, robbing”)
  • ⇒ Old French: rafle, raffle (“dice game”) [from late 14th c.]
    • Middle French: rafle
      • French: rafle
        • → German: Raffel
        • → Swedish: raffel
      • → Dutch: rafel (archaic)
    • Picard: râfle (Athois)
    • → Middle English: rafle, raful
      • English: raffle
    • → New Latin: raffla