sjꜣt

Egyptian

FWOTD – 16 March 2019

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ jꜣṯ (“to be injured”); despite the derivation from jꜣṯ, it appears the expected form *sjꜣṯ is unattested.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛiɑt/
  • Conventional anglicization: seiat

Verb

 caus. 3-lit.

1. (transitive, of measures of barley or fields) to cut short, to downsize (deceitfully)
   • c. 1478 BCE – 1397 BCE, Book of the Dead of Nu (pLondon British Museum EA10477) chapter 125, line 13:

     nj sjꜣt.j ꜣḥwt

     I have not downsized the fields.

2. (transitive, of people) to mutilate

Inflection

Conjugation of sjꜣt (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sjꜣt

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sjꜣt	sjꜣtw, sjꜣt	sjꜣtt	sjꜣt	sjꜣt

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sjꜣt	ḥr sjꜣt	m sjꜣt	r sjꜣt

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sjꜣt.n	sjꜣtw, sjꜣt	consecutive	sjꜣt.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sjꜣtt
perfective3	sjꜣt	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sjꜣt.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sjꜣt	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sjꜣtw, sjꜣt, sjꜣty	sjꜣtw, sjꜣt, sjꜣty	potentialis1	sjꜣt.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sjꜣt	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sjꜣt.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sjꜣt	active + .tj1, .tw2	sjꜣt	sjꜣt, sjꜣtw5, sjꜣty5
imperfective	sjꜣt, sjꜣty, sjꜣtw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sjꜣt, sjꜣtj6, sjꜣty6	sjꜣt, sjꜣtw5
prospective	sjꜣt, sjꜣttj7	—	sjꜣtwtj1 4, sjꜣttj4, sjꜣtt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sjꜣt  

sjꜣt

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 257.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 32.1–32.4