stóll

See also: stoll, Stoll, and stòll

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse stóll, from Proto-Germanic *stōlaz, from Proto-Indo-European *stāl- (“frame, rack, stand”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stoutl/

  Rhymes: -outl

Noun

stóll m (genitive singular stóls, nominative plural stólar)

1. chair

Declension

Declension of stóll (masculine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	stóll	stóllinn	stólar	stólarnir
accusative	stól	stólinn	stóla	stólana
dative	stól, stóli1	stólnum	stólum	stólunum
genitive	stóls	stólsins	stóla	stólanna

¹Mainly in fixed expressions and compounds.

Derived terms

• armstóll
• hægindastóll

Old Norse

FWOTD – 6 June 2014

Pronunciation

• (12th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /ˈstoːlː/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *stōlaz (“stool, chair, throne”). Cognate with Old English stōl, Old Frisian stōl, Old Saxon stōl, Old Dutch stuol, Old High German stuol, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌻𐍃 (stōls). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *stāl- (“frame, rack, stand”). The second meaning is a calque of Latin sēdēs (“seat”), while the third is presumably a calque of Latin thronī (“the Thrones”).

Noun

stóll m (genitive stóls, plural stólar)

1. a stool, chair, throne
   • Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar 254, in 1835, F. Magnússon, C. C. Rafn, Fornmanna sögur, Volume X. Copenhagen, page 16:

     […] þar tvískipat eptir endilöngu, voru skipaðir XIII stólar.

     […] there along the entire length [of the king's court] were set in two thirteen chairs.

2. (ecclesiastic) bishop's residence, see
   • Guðmundar saga 68, in 1858, J. Sigurðsson, G. Vigfússon, Biskupa sögur, Volume I. Copenhagen, page 508:

     […] ok fór hann heim til stóls sins; […]

     […] and came back to [the bishop's] see; […]

3. (Christianity, in the plural) the Thrones (a class of angels)
   • Old Norwegian Homily Book, in 1864, C. R. Unger, Gammel Norsk Homiliebog. Christiania, page 185, lines 11-12:

     […] þat ero englar oc hofuðenglar oc craftar, veldisenglar oc hofðingiar, drotnar oc stolar, […]

     […] there are angels and archangels and Powers, Virtues and Principalities, Dominions and Thrones, […]

Declension

Declension of stóll (strong a-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	stóll	stóllinn	stólar	stólarnir
accusative	stól	stólinn	stóla	stólana
dative	stóli	stólinum	stólum	stólunum
genitive	stóls	stólsins	stóla	stólanna

Derived terms

• biskupsstóll (“bishop's see”)
• gullstóll (“golden chair”)
• rǫkstóll (“council seat”)
• stólbrúða, stólbrúðr (“chair-post”)
• stólkonungr (“the Greek emperor”)
• stólmaðr (“chairman”)
• stólsetning (“enthroning”)
• stólsettr (“enthroned”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: stóll
• Faroese: stólur
• Norn: stol, stul, støl
• Norwegian Bokmål: stol
• Norwegian Nynorsk: stol
• Old Swedish: stōl
  • Swedish: stol
  • → Finnish: tuoli
  • → Ingrian: stooli
• Danish: stol
• Gutnish: stol, stul

Etymology 2

Presumably from Old East Slavic столъ (stolŭ, “table”).

Noun

stóll m (genitive stóls, plural stólar)

1. a table for eating and drinking
   • Bósa saga ok Herrauðs 12, in 1830, C. C. Rafn, Fornaldar sögur Nordrlanda, Volume III. Copenhagen, page 223:

     […] hann tók borðbúnað af stólnum, ok kastaði upp í sængina, […]

     […] he took the dishes from the table and threw them up in the bed sheets, […]

Declension

Declension of stóll (strong a-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	stóll	stóllinn	stólar	stólarnir
accusative	stól	stólinn	stóla	stólana
dative	stóli	stólinum	stólum	stólunum
genitive	stóls	stólsins	stóla	stólanna

Etymology 3

Ultimately from Ancient Greek στόλος (stólos, “army, fleet, troop”).

Noun

stóll m (genitive stóls, plural stólar)

1. (especially in compounds) a stock (especially of weapons and ships), host, fleet
   • Sverris saga 71, in 1834, F. Magnússon, C. C. Rafn, Fornmanna sögur, Volume VIII, Copenhagen, page 177:

     Í þenna tíma hafði Magnús konúngr einn allan skipastólinn, […]

     At that time king Magnus alone owned the entire fleet of ships, […]

Declension

Declension of stóll (strong a-stem)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	stóll	stóllinn	stólar	stólarnir
accusative	stól	stólinn	stóla	stólana
dative	stóli	stólinum	stólum	stólunum
genitive	stóls	stólsins	stóla	stólanna

Derived terms

• hǫfuðstóll (“funds, stock”)
• skipastóll (“fleet”)

Further reading

• Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874) “stóll”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, page 596
• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “stóll”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 410; also available at the Internet Archive