swꜣḏ

Egyptian[edit]

s- (causative prefix) +‎ wꜣḏ (“to be green, to be fresh”).

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛwɑd͡ʒ/
- Conventional anglicization: sewadj

caus. 3-lit.

Conjugation of swꜣḏ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: swꜣḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
swꜣḏ	swꜣḏw, swꜣḏ	swꜣḏt	swꜣḏ	swꜣḏ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
swꜣḏ	ḥr swꜣḏ	m swꜣḏ	r swꜣḏ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	swꜣḏ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	swꜣḏ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	swꜣḏ	swꜣḏ, swꜣḏw⁵, swꜣḏy⁵
imperfective	swꜣḏ, swꜣḏy, swꜣḏw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	swꜣḏ, swꜣḏj⁶, swꜣḏy⁶	swꜣḏ, swꜣḏw⁵
prospective	swꜣḏ, swꜣḏtj⁷	—	swꜣḏwtj^{1 4}, swꜣḏtj⁴, swꜣḏt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 337.