talamh

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish talam, from Proto-Celtic *talamū, from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥-mon-, root *tel- (compare Latin tellus (“earth”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ˠɑlˠəvˠ/
• IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ˠalˠə/
• IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ˠalˠuː/
• IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ˠalˠu/

Noun

talamh f or m (feminine genitive talún, masculine genitive talaimh, plural tailte)

1. earth, ground, land
   2. the earth
   3. surface of the earth
   4. dry land
   5. surface of ground
   6. land, soil
   7. total extent of land; territory, country
   8. property in land
   9. spot of ground
   10. land under water; (of sea) bottom
   11. solid base (for discussion, understanding)

Declension

Feminine declension

Declension of talamh

Fifth declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative talamh tailte Vocative a thalamh a thailte Genitive talún tailte Dative talamh talúin (archaic, dialectal) tailte

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an talamh na tailte Genitive na talún na dtailte Dative leis an talamh leis an talúin (archaic, dialectal) don talamh don talúin (archaic, dialectal) leis na tailte

Masculine declension

Declension of talamh

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative talamh tailte Vocative a thalaimh a thailte Genitive talaimh tailte Dative talamh tailte

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an talamh na tailte Genitive an talaimh na dtailte Dative leis an talamh don talamh leis na tailte

• Alternative plural: taltaí (Cois Fharraige)

Derived terms

• An Talamh Naofa (“the Holy Land”)
• arcán talún (“aardvark, anteater”)
• ardtalamh, talamh ard (“high ground, upland”)
• ceapach thalún (“plot of land”)
• cnó talún (“earth-nut”)
• droichead talún (“land bridge”)
• eidhneán talún m (“ground ivy”)
• maidhm thalún (“landslide”)
• ó thalamh (“fundamentally, thoroughly”)
• os cionn talún, os cionn talaimh (“above ground”)
• péist talún f (“earthworm”)
• Talamh an Éisc (“Newfoundland”)
• talamh cruithneachta (“land for growing wheat”)
• talamh innilte (“grazing land”)
• talamh íseal (“low ground, lowland”)
• talamhchrith (“earthquake”)
• talamhiarrthach (“terricolous”, adjective)
• talamhiata (“landlocked”, adjective)
• talamhluas (“ground speed”)
• talmhaí (“agriculturist, husbandman”)
• talmhaí (“earthly; worldly; thickset”, adjective)
• talmhaigh (“dig oneself in, earth; touch down”, verb)
• tiarna talún (“landlord”)

 

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
talamh	thalamh	dtalamh
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “talamh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “talam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “talamh”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “talamh”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish talam, from Proto-Celtic *talamū, from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥-mon-, root *tel- (compare Latin tellus (“earth”)).

Noun

talamh m or f (genitive singular talmhainn, plural talamhan or talmhainnean)

2. (masculine only) Earth (planet)

   Synonym: cruinne-cè

3. earth, soil, ground

   Synonym: ùir

4. land, country, territory

   Synonym: tìr

Usage notes

• Primarily masculine but feminine in genitive singular.

Derived terms

• dè air thalamh?
• talamh àitich
• Talamh an Èisg
• talamh bàn

 

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
talamh	thalamh
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “talamh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “talam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language