tirer

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French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Middle French tirer (“to draw, draw a sword”), from Old French tirer (“to draw, pull out with great effort, snatch violently, tear away”), from Medieval Latin, from Vulgar Latin *tīrāre, of uncertain origin, but probably Germanic; possibly from Gothic *𐍄𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*tiran, “to tear away, remove”), from Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear, tear apart”), from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, tear apart”).

Compare Italian tirare; Catalan, Portuguese, and Spanish tirar. If derived from the Germanic word, cognate with Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (distairan, “to tear apart”), 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (gatairan, “to tear down, remove”), German zerren (“to tug”). Related to English tear. Alternatively from a reduction of Old French martirier, from Late Latin *martyrāre.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ti.ʁe/
  • audio(file)

Verb[edit]

tirer

  1. to draw, drag, pull
  2. to shoot
  3. to draw (conclusions), to consider (consequences)
  4. to leave a place
  5. to set free, to deliver
    • 1954, Georges Simenon, Maigret et la jeune morte [Maigret and the Dead Girl]:
      Ils s'imaginent qu'en ne répondant pas, ou qu'en répondant n'importe quoi, quitte à se contredire toutes les cinq minutes, ils parviendront à s'en tirer.
      They imagine they can save themselves by refusing to answer questions—or by answering at random and even contradicting themselves every five minutes.

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of tirer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple tirer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple tirant
/ti.ʁɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle tiré
/ti.ʁe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tire
/tiʁ/ 		tires
/tiʁ/ 		tire
/tiʁ/ 		tirons
/ti.ʁɔ̃/ 		tirez
/ti.ʁe/ 		tirent
/tiʁ/
imperfect tirais
/ti.ʁɛ/ 		tirais
/ti.ʁɛ/ 		tirait
/ti.ʁɛ/ 		tirions
/ti.ʁjɔ̃/ 		tiriez
/ti.ʁje/ 		tiraient
/ti.ʁɛ/
past historic2 tirai
/ti.ʁe/ 		tiras
/ti.ʁa/ 		tira
/ti.ʁa/ 		tirâmes
/ti.ʁam/ 		tirâtes
/ti.ʁat/ 		tirèrent
/ti.ʁɛʁ/
future tirerai
/ti.ʁə.ʁe/ 		tireras
/ti.ʁə.ʁa/ 		tirera
/ti.ʁə.ʁa/ 		tirerons
/ti.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ 		tirerez
/ti.ʁə.ʁe/ 		tireront
/ti.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional tirerais
/ti.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		tirerais
/ti.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		tirerait
/ti.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		tirerions
/ti.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		tireriez
/ti.ʁə.ʁje/ 		tireraient
/ti.ʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tire
/tiʁ/ 		tires
/tiʁ/ 		tire
/tiʁ/ 		tirions
/ti.ʁjɔ̃/ 		tiriez
/ti.ʁje/ 		tirent
/tiʁ/
imperfect2 tirasse
/ti.ʁas/ 		tirasses
/ti.ʁas/ 		tirât
/ti.ʁa/ 		tirassions
/ti.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ 		tirassiez
/ti.ʁa.sje/ 		tirassent
/ti.ʁas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — tire
/tiʁ/ 		— tirons
/ti.ʁɔ̃/ 		tirez
/ti.ʁe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Gallo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old French tirer (“draw, pull”). Compare meaning in French traire (“to milk”), itself from Old French traire (“to draw, pull”).

Verb[edit]

tirer

  1. (transitive, agriculture) to milk (cows)

Middle French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old French tirer (“to draw, pull out with great effort, snatch violently, tear away”), from Medieval Latin, from Vulgar Latin *tirō, tirāre, of uncertain origin; possibly from Gothic *𐍄𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*tiran, “to tear away, remove”), from Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear, tear apart”), from Proto-Indo-European *derə- (“to tear, tear apart”).

Verb[edit]

tirer

  1. to pull

Conjugation[edit]

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of tirer
infinitive simple tirer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple tirant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle tiré
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tire tires tire tirons tirez tirent
imperfect tirois, tiroys tirois, tiroys tiroit, tiroyt tirions, tiryons tiriez, tiryez tiroient, tiroyent
past historic tira tiras tira tirasmes tirastes tirerent
future tirerai, tireray tireras tirera tirerons tirerez tireront
conditional tirerois, tireroys tirerois, tireroys tireroit, tireroyt tirerions, tireryons tireriez, tireryez tireroient, tireroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present tire tires tire tirons tirez tirent
imperfect tirasse tirasses tirast tirassions tirassiez tirassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — tire — tirons tirez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants[edit]

  • French: tirer

Old French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Medieval Latin, from Vulgar Latin *tīrō, tīrāre, of uncertain origin, probably Germanic; possibly from Gothic *𐍄𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*tiran, “to tear away, remove”), from Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear, tear apart”), from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to tear, tear apart”).

Verb[edit]

tirer

  1. to pull
    • circa 1210, Henri de Valenciennes, Histoire de l'empereur Henri de Constantinople
      Ne onkes li Ascres ne tira ses regnes duskes a tant k'il vint a Niké le Grant

Conjugation[edit]

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of tirer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive tirer avoir tiré
gerund en tirant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle tirant
past participle tiré
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present tir tires tire tirons tirez tirent
imperfect tiroie, tireie, tiroe, tireve tiroies, tireies, tiroes, tireves tiroit, tireit, tirot, tireve tiriiens, tiriens tiriiez, tiriez tiroient, tireient, tiroent, tirevent
preterite tirai tiras tira tirames tirastes tirerent
future tirerai tireras tirera tirerons tireroiz, tirereiz, tirerez tireront
conditional tireroie, tirereie tireroies, tirereies tireroit, tirereit tireriiens, tireriens tireriiez, tireriez tireroient, tirereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present tir tirs tirt tirons tirez tirent
imperfect tirasse tirasses tirast tirissons, tirissiens tirissoiz, tirissez, tirissiez tirassent
compound
tenses 		past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— tire — tirons tirez —

Descendants[edit]

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