tredecim

Latin

Latin numbers ^(edit)

←  12	XIII 13	14  →
Cardinal: tredecim     Ordinal: tertiusdecimus, tertius decimus     Adverbial: terdeciēs, terdeciēns, tredeciēs, tredeciēns     Multiplier: terdecuplus, terdecuplex     Distributive: terdēnus     Fractional: tertiusdecimus, tertius decimus

Alternative forms

• Symbol: XIII

Etymology

From trēs (“three”) +‎ decem (“ten”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈtre.de.kim/, [ˈt̪rɛd̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈtre.de.t͡ʃim/, [ˈt̪rɛːd̪et͡ʃim]

Numeral

tredecim (indeclinable)

1. thirteen; 13
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 9:

     Miremur si, cum ex hac parte saecula plura numerentur quam ex illa anni, plus in tam longo spatio quam in aetate tredecim annorum fortuna uariauerit?

     Where more generations are reckoned on one side than years on the other, can we be surprised that in such a long space of time there have been more changes of fortune than in a period of thirteen years?

   • c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 2.83:

     sed legio sexta et tredecim vexillariorum milia ingenti agmine sequebantur

     Behind him, however, came in a vast body the 6th legion and 13,000 veterans.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.17.25:

     et Ismahel filius eius tredecim annos impleverat tempore circumcisionis suae

     And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.

Derived terms

• tredecennium (New Latin)
• tredennis (Mediaeval Latin)

Descendants

• Dalmatian:
  • tretco
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: tredeci, tredici
  • Italian: tredici
  • Sicilian: trìdici, trìrici
• North Italian:
  • Friulian: tredis
  • Istriot: tridase
  • Ladin: tredesc
  • Romansch: tredesch, tredisch, traidesch
  • Venetian: trédexe, tredese
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: tréze
  • French: treize
  • Walloon: traze
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: tretze
  • Occitan: tretze
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: treze
  • Asturian: trece, trelce
  • Galician: trece
  • Portuguese: treze
  • Spanish: trece
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian:

    Campidanese: treixi, trexi

    Logudorese: treighi

    Nuorese: treichi, trechi

• Borrowings:
  • ⇒ English: tredecillion

See also

• Appendix:Latin cardinal numbers

References

• “tredecim”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tredecim”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• tredecim in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I am thirteen years old: tredecim annos natus sum
    
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “tredecim”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 674