tredecim
Latin
[edit]| ← 12 | XIII 13 |
14 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: trēdecim, trēsdecim, trisdecim, trēsdecem Ordinal: tertiusdecimus, tertius decimus Adverbial: terdeciēs, terdeciēns, trēdeciēs, trēdeciēns Proportional: trēdecuplus, terdecuplus Multiplier: trēdecuplex, terdecuplex Distributive: terdēnus Fractional: tertiusdecimus, tertius decimus | ||
Alternative forms
[edit]- Symbol: XIII
Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
From trēs (“three”) + decem (“ten”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- trē̆decim: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈtreː.dɛ.kĩː], [ˈtrɛ.dɛ.kĩː]
- trēdecim: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈtrɛː.de.t͡ʃim]
The length of the vowel in the first syllable is not directly attested in Classical Latin. Numerous modern references mark it as long (trēdecim),[1][2][3][4] which is the expected phonetic outcome trēsdecim and is consistent with the form of the word’s descendants in Romance languages[5] (such as Spanish trece,[6] rather than *triece). Others say its length is unknown[7] or mark it as short[8][9][10] (perhaps by comparison to trecentī, where short tre- is established by scansion).
Numeral
[edit]trēdecim (indeclinable)
- thirteen; 13
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 9:
- Miremur si, cum ex hac parte saecula plura numerentur quam ex illa anni, plus in tam longo spatio quam in aetate tredecim annorum fortuna uariauerit?
- Where more generations are reckoned on one side than years on the other, can we be surprised that in such a long space of time there have been more changes of fortune than in a period of thirteen years?
- Miremur si, cum ex hac parte saecula plura numerentur quam ex illa anni, plus in tam longo spatio quam in aetate tredecim annorum fortuna uariauerit?
- c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Genesis.17.25:
- et Ismahel filius eius tredecim annos impleverat tempore circumcisionis suae
- And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
- et Ismahel filius eius tredecim annos impleverat tempore circumcisionis suae
Derived terms
[edit]- trēdecennium (New Latin)
- trēdennis (Mediaeval Latin)
Descendants
[edit]- Emilian: tragg'
- Insular Romance:
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Borrowings:
- ⇒ English: tredecillion
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “decem”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 417
- ^ Leumann, Manu; Hofmann, Johann Baptist; Szantyr, Anton (1977), Lateinische Grammatik: Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre, CH Beck, § 205.B., page 205
- ^ Lindsay, W. M. (1894), The Latin Language, page 416
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “tredecim”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 674
- ^ Penny, Ralph (2002), A History of the Spanish Language, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, page 149
- ^ Vine, Brent (2017), “The morphology of Italic”, in Jared Klein, Brian Joseph and Matthias Fritz, editors, Volume 2 Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook, De Gruyter Mouton, page 775
- ^ “tredecim”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ “tredecim”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- ^ Charles E. Bennett (1907), The Latin Language – a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 141
Further reading
[edit]- “tredecim”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- I am thirteen years old: tredecim annos natus sum
- I am thirteen years old: tredecim annos natus sum
Categories:
- Latin compound terms
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *déḱm̥
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *tréyes
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation only
- Latin lemmas
- Latin numerals
- Latin cardinal numbers
- Latin indeclinable numerals
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook