tredecim
Latin
[edit]| ← 12 | XIII 13 |
14 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: trēdecim, trēsdecim, trisdecim, trēsdecem Ordinal: tertiusdecimus, tertius decimus Adverbial: terdeciēs, terdeciēns, trēdeciēs, trēdeciēns Proportional: terdecuplus, trēdecuplus Multiplier: terdecuplex, trēdecuplex Distributive: terdēnus Fractional: tertiusdecimus, tertius decimus | ||
Alternative forms
[edit]- Symbol: XIII
Etymology
[edit]From trēs (“three”) + decem (“ten”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈtreː.de.kim/, [ˈt̪reːd̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtre.de.t͡ʃim/, [ˈt̪rɛːd̪et͡ʃim]
- (Alternatively, if tredecim: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈtre.de.kim/, [ˈt̪rɛd̪ɛkɪ̃ˑ])
- The vowel in the first syllable is marked long by a number of modern references (trēdecim):[1][2][3][4] this is not directly attested in Classical Latin, but it is the expected phonetic outcome of trēsdecim and is consistent with the form of the word’s descendants in Romance languages[5] (such as Spanish trece,[6] rather than *triece). Others say its length is unknown[7] or mark it as short[8][9][10] (perhaps by comparison to trecentī, where short tre- is established by scansion).
Numeral
[edit]trēdecim (indeclinable)
- thirteen; 13
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 9:
- Miremur si, cum ex hac parte saecula plura numerentur quam ex illa anni, plus in tam longo spatio quam in aetate tredecim annorum fortuna uariauerit?
- Where more generations are reckoned on one side than years on the other, can we be surprised that in such a long space of time there have been more changes of fortune than in a period of thirteen years?
- Miremur si, cum ex hac parte saecula plura numerentur quam ex illa anni, plus in tam longo spatio quam in aetate tredecim annorum fortuna uariauerit?
Derived terms
[edit]- trēdecennium (New Latin)
- trēdennis (Mediaeval Latin)
Descendants
[edit]- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- North Italian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Occitano-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- Borrowings:
- ⇒ English: tredecillion
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “decem”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 417
- ^ Leumann, Manu, Hofmann, Johann Baptist, Szantyr, Anton (1977) Lateinische Grammatik: Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre, CH Beck, § 205.B., page 205
- ^ Lindsay, W. M. (1894) The Latin Language, page 416
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “tredecim”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 674
- ^ Penny, Ralph (2002) A History of the Spanish Language, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, page 149
- ^ Vine, Brent (2017) “The morphology of Italic”, in Jared Klein, Brian Joseph and Matthias Fritz, editors, Volume 2 Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook, De Gruyter Mouton, page 775
- ^ “tredecim”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ tredecim in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- ^ Charles E. Bennett (1907) The Latin Language – a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 141
Further reading
[edit]- “tredecim”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- I am thirteen years old: tredecim annos natus sum
- I am thirteen years old: tredecim annos natus sum