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vicesimus

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Latin

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Latin numbers (edit)
200
 ←  10 [a], [b], [c], [d] ←  19 XX
20
21  → [a], [b] 30  → 
2[a], [b]
    Cardinal: vīgintī
    Ordinal: vīcēsimus, vīgēsimus, vīcēnsimus, vīgēnsimus, vīcēnsumus
    Adverbial: vīciēs, vīciēns, vīgēsiēs
    Proportional: vīgecuplus, vīcecuplus, vigincuplus
    Distributive: vīcēnus, vīgēnus
    Fractional: vīcēsimus, vīgēsimus, vīcēnsimus, vīgēnsimus, vīcēnsumus

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From the stem *vīcent- of vīgintī (twenty) before the replacement of /k/ with /ɡ/, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(d)widḱm̥ti(h₁). Particularly:

See also vīciēs and vīcēnus. Surface analysis vīgintī (twenty) +‎ -ēsimus (-th)

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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vīcēsimus (feminine vīcēsima, neuter vīcēsimum); first/second-declension numeral

  1. twentieth
  2. one-twentieth
    vīcēsimā hērēditātium
    a 5% inheritance tax W.

Declension

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First/second-declension adjective.

singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative vīcēsimus vīcēsima vīcēsimum vīcēsimī vīcēsimae vīcēsima
genitive vīcēsimī vīcēsimae vīcēsimī vīcēsimōrum vīcēsimārum vīcēsimōrum
dative vīcēsimō vīcēsimae vīcēsimō vīcēsimīs
accusative vīcēsimum vīcēsimam vīcēsimum vīcēsimōs vīcēsimās vīcēsima
ablative vīcēsimō vīcēsimā vīcēsimō vīcēsimīs
vocative vīcēsime vīcēsima vīcēsimum vīcēsimī vīcēsimae vīcēsima
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Descendants

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Notes

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  1. ^ The innovative use of *-tos to create ordinals and fractionals (“-th”) is found in several other branches of Indo-European. Sihler explains that it may have originated by metanalysis of *dḱm̥t-ós as *dḱm̥-tós, from which the *-t- was then applied analogically to other numerals. This was apparently early enough to trigger the dissimilatory rule *TT > *TˢT (>> Latin ss).

References

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  1. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 399, page 433
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vīgintī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 678

Further reading

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  • vicesimus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • vicesimus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • vicesimus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.