vorst

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɔrst/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: vorst
• Rhymes: -ɔrst

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch vorste, from Old Dutch furista, fursta, from the substantivised weak inflection of Proto-West Germanic *furist, from Proto-Germanic *furistaz (“first”).

Noun

vorst m (plural vorsten, diminutive vorstje n, feminine vorstin)

1. the generic term for prince, monarch, ruler
2. a prince, rendering of tradition-specific title of certain ranks (all below King)

Synonyms

• heerser
• monarch
• prins

Derived terms

• erfvorst
• grootvorst
• kerkvorst
• keurvorst
• rijksvorst
• viervorst
• vliegenvorst
• vorst-bisschop
• vorstelijk
• vorstendom
• vorstenhuis

Descendants

• Afrikaans: vors
• Negerhollands: voorst

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch vorst, a metathetic form of Old Dutch *frost, from Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustaz. Equivalent to vriezen (“to freeze”) +‎ -t (“verbal noun”).

Noun

vorst m (uncountable)

1. the frost, freeze, frosty weather

Derived terms

• nachtvorst
• vorstgrens
• vorstig
• vorstreus

Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch vorst, voerst, from Old Dutch furost, from Proto-West Germanic *furhisti.

Noun

vorst m (plural vorsten, diminutive vorstje n)

1. copse, grove, woodland (a coppiced land smaller than a forest)

Derived terms

• vorster

Etymology 4

From Middle Dutch vorst, vorste, from Proto-West Germanic *fursti, from Proto-Germanic *furstiz, variant of *firstiz.

Most closely related to Middle Low German vorst, Middle High German forst. Through the i-form also cognate with Middle Dutch verst, verste, French faîte, German First, Old English first.

Noun

vorst f (plural vorsten)

1. a ridgepole

   Synonym: nok

Derived terms

• dakvorst

Etymology 5

Verb

vorst

1. inflection of vorsen:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. (archaic) plural imperative

References

• M. J. Koenen & J. Endepols, Verklarend Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (tevens Vreemde-woordentolk), Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969 (26th edition) [Dutch dictionary in Dutch]

Estonian

vorstid

Etymology

From Middle Low German worst. First attested in 1557.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvorst/, [ˈvorst]
• Rhymes: -orst
• Hyphenation: vorst

Noun

vorst (genitive vorsti, partitive vorsti)

1. sausage

   Haigele arsti, tervele vorsti. (idiomatic) ― A doctor for the sick, a sausage for the healthy.

   • 1984, Eno Raud, Naksitrallid, volume 1 (children's), Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, →ISBN, page 84:

     "Ainult kuskil poe juures peame hetkeks kinni ja ostame kassi jaoks natuke vorsti.
     Vorst kassile on tähtis toiduaine, /
     et näljast tal ei lõpeks teekond maine."

     "We only stop for a moment at a shop somewhere and buy some sausage for the cat.
     Sausage is an important food for a cat, /
     so that hunger doesn't end its earthly course."

2. (humorous, derogatory, mostly in compounds) a person with some negative attribute
   • 2012 January 17, Katrin Helend-Aaviku, “Haigele arsti, tervele vorsti”, in Nädaline, page 6:

     Vorstil on ikka olnud eestlase jaoks tähtis koht. Ja mitte ainult toidulaual, kust ta võiks isegi natuke tagasi tõmbuda. Oma koht on tal aga ka eesti kirjanduses, kust lustakaid võrdlusi lugedes ei saagi lugejal isu täis. Näiteks nii Vilde kui ka Tammsaare on laisku inimesi kirjeldades kasutanud sõna vorst - "ta on laisk nagu vorst" […]

     Sausages have always had an important place for Estonians. And not only on the food table, from where it could even retreat a little. But it also has its place in Estonian literature, where the reader will never tire of reading funny comparisons. For example, both Vilde and Tammsaare have used the word sausage to describe lazy people - 'he's as lazy as a sausage' […]

Declension

Declension of vorst (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		vorst	vorstid
accusative	nom.
	gen.	vorsti
genitive			vorstide
partitive		vorsti	vorste vorstisid
illative		vorsti vorstisse	vorstidesse vorstesse
inessive		vorstis	vorstides vorstes
elative		vorstist	vorstidest vorstest
allative		vorstile	vorstidele vorstele
adessive		vorstil	vorstidel vorstel
ablative		vorstilt	vorstidelt vorstelt
translative		vorstiks	vorstideks vorsteks
terminative		vorstini	vorstideni
essive		vorstina	vorstidena
abessive		vorstita	vorstideta
comitative		vorstiga	vorstidega

Derived terms

nominals

• vorstike
• vorstikene
• vorstjas

 

phrases

• kahe otsaga vorst
• nagu koera kaelas vorst
• vorst vorsti vastu

 

Compounds

• aed-vorstirohi
• doktorivorst
• grillvorst
• jahivorst
• juppvorst
• juustuvorst
• jõuluvorst
• kartulivorst
• keeduvorst
• keelevorst
• küüslauguvorst
• küüslauguvorst
• laiskvorst
• lambavorst
• lastevorst
• lihavorst
• maksavorst
• praevorst
• põdravorst
• rupsivorst
• rupskivorst
• saunavorst
• sealihavorst
• sinkvorst
• suitsuvorst
• suupistevorst
• säilisvorst
• sültvorst
• šašlõkivorst
• tanguvorst
• teevorst
• toorvorst
• valevorst
• vedelvorst
• venivorst
• verivorst
• viinervorst
• õllevorst

 

• vorstijunn
• vorstijupak
• vorstijupp
• vorstikang
• vorstikaste
• vorstikest
• vorstilatt
• vorstilett
• vorstiliha
• vorstiliik
• vorstilõik
• vorstimass
• vorstimeister
• vorstimürgistus
• vorstimürgitus
• vorstinahk
• vorstipitsa
• vorstipuder
• vorstipuu
• vorstiraba
• vorstirohi
• vorstirõngas
• vorstisool
• vorstisõõr
• vorstitikk
• vorstitsehh
• vorstitäidis
• vorstitükk
• vorstivabrik
• vorstiviil
• vorstivõileib
• vorstjuust
• vorstmaaker
• vorsttoode

 

• vorstikujuline
• vorstitegemine
• vorstitegija
• vorstitegu

 

References

• vorst in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
• “vorst”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• Jüri Viikberg (2016) “vorst”, in [ASL] Alamsaksa laensõnad eesti keeles [Low German Loanwords in the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online dictionary)

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *frost, from Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustaz.

Noun

vorst m

1. The frost, icy cold.

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: vorst
• Limburgish: vrós

Further reading

• “vorst (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “vorst (III)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page III

Polabian

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German vorst, from Old Saxon worst, from Proto-West Germanic *wursti.

Noun

vorst m ?

1. sausage

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

References

• Polański, Kazimierz (1994) “vorst”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 6 (un – źornü), Warszawa: Energeia, →ISBN, page 1038
• Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “vorst”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 178