بحران

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Arabic

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Etymology 1

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Probably from Aramaic בחרנא (bəḥrānā, test, turning point of disease progression, crisis), from בְּחַר (bəḥar, judging, testing); compare Hebrew בָּחַר (bāḥar, to choose, appoint). Perhaps eventually a calque of Ancient Greek κρίσις (krísis). The Arabic lexicographers identified the word as foreign and considered it of Greek origin.

Lane instead theorised it to be from archaic البَاحُور (al-bāḥūr, the moon, literally expanding, widening; being at the full extent, the furthest extremities), from the notion of a sudden change of health being linked to the phase of the moon. Compare for this Ancient Greek σεληνιάζομαι (selēniázomai, epilepsy; sudden drastic symptoms, literally moonstruck), Latin lunaticus, and English lunacy.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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بُحْرَان (buḥrānm (plural بَحَارِين (baḥārīn))

  1. (now rare) crisis, panic
    Synonym: أَزْمَة (ʔazma)
  2. (medicine) crisis
Declension
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Noun

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بحران (baḥrān)

  1. dual of بَحْر (baḥr)

References

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  • Freytag, Georg (1830) “بحران”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 88
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “بحران”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 89
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “بحران”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 157
  • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “بحران”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 67

Persian

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Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic بُحْرَان (buḥrān, crisis).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? buhrān
Dari reading? bohrān
Iranian reading? bohrân
Tajik reading? bühron

Noun

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Dari بحران
Iranian Persian
Tajik бӯҳрон

بحران (bohrân)

  1. crisis
    بحران اقتصادیbohrân-e eqtesâdifinancial crisis
    بحران بدهیbohrân-e bedehidebt crisis
    بحران بین‌المللیbohrân-e beyn-olmelaliinternational crisis
    بحران سیاسیbohrân-e siyâsipolitical crisis

Descendants

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Urdu

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian بحران (buhrān), from Arabic بُحْرَان (buḥrān).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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بُحْران (bohrānm (Hindi spelling बोहरान)

  1. crisis
  2. delirium

References

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  • بحران”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • بحران”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.