برق

See also: برف and ترف

Arabic

بَرْق
السَّمَاءُ تَبْرُقُ

Etymology

From the root ب ر ق (b-r-q). From Proto-Semitic *baraḳ- (“lightning”), although Fronzaroli states that the noun "lightning" may be a deverbal form, in which case only the verb would be inherited.

Pronunciation

• Audio; “بَرَق” (“baraq”, verb, without final vowel):

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ba.ra.qa/
• IPA^(key): /barq/

Verb

بَرَقَ • (baraqa) I (non-past يَبْرُقُ (yabruqu), verbal noun بُرُوق (burūq) or بَرِيق (barīq) or بَرْق (barq) or بَرَقَان (baraqān))

1. to produce lightning
2. to shine, to glitter, to sparkle, to flash

Conjugation

    Conjugation of بَرَقَ (I, sound, a ~ u, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns بُرُوق, بَرِيق, بَرْق, بَرَقَان)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						بُرُوق, بَرِيق, بَرْق, بَرَقَان burūq, barīq, barq, baraqān
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						بَارِق bāriq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَبْرُوق mabrūq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بَرَقْتُ baraqtu	بَرَقْتَ baraqta	بَرَقَ baraqa		بَرَقْتُمَا baraqtumā	بَرَقَا baraqā		بَرَقْنَا baraqnā	بَرَقْتُمْ baraqtum	بَرَقُوا baraqū
	f		بَرَقْتِ baraqti	بَرَقَتْ baraqat			بَرَقَتَا baraqatā			بَرَقْتُنَّ baraqtunna	بَرَقْنَ baraqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَبْرُقُ ʔabruqu	تَبْرُقُ tabruqu	يَبْرُقُ yabruqu		تَبْرُقَانِ tabruqāni	يَبْرُقَانِ yabruqāni		نَبْرُقُ nabruqu	تَبْرُقُونَ tabruqūna	يَبْرُقُونَ yabruqūna
	f		تَبْرُقِينَ tabruqīna	تَبْرُقُ tabruqu			تَبْرُقَانِ tabruqāni			تَبْرُقْنَ tabruqna	يَبْرُقْنَ yabruqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَبْرُقَ ʔabruqa	تَبْرُقَ tabruqa	يَبْرُقَ yabruqa		تَبْرُقَا tabruqā	يَبْرُقَا yabruqā		نَبْرُقَ nabruqa	تَبْرُقُوا tabruqū	يَبْرُقُوا yabruqū
	f		تَبْرُقِي tabruqī	تَبْرُقَ tabruqa			تَبْرُقَا tabruqā			تَبْرُقْنَ tabruqna	يَبْرُقْنَ yabruqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَبْرُقْ ʔabruq	تَبْرُقْ tabruq	يَبْرُقْ yabruq		تَبْرُقَا tabruqā	يَبْرُقَا yabruqā		نَبْرُقْ nabruq	تَبْرُقُوا tabruqū	يَبْرُقُوا yabruqū
	f		تَبْرُقِي tabruqī	تَبْرُقْ tabruq			تَبْرُقَا tabruqā			تَبْرُقْنَ tabruqna	يَبْرُقْنَ yabruqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُبْرُقْ ubruq			اُبْرُقَا ubruqā				اُبْرُقُوا ubruqū
	f		اُبْرُقِي ubruqī							اُبْرُقْنَ ubruqna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	بُرِقَ buriqa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُبْرَقُ yubraqu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُبْرَقَ yubraqa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُبْرَقْ yubraq		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Noun

بَرْق • (barq) m (plural بُرُوق (burūq))

1. verbal noun of بَرَقَ (baraqa) (form I)
2. lightning
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:19-20:

     أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ حَذَرَ ٱلْمَوْتِ […] ۝ يَكَادُ ٱلْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ ۖ كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. flash of lightning
4. telegraph

Declension

Declension of noun بَرْق (barq)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَرْق barq	الْبَرْق al-barq	بَرْق barq
Nominative	بَرْقٌ barqun	الْبَرْقُ al-barqu	بَرْقُ barqu
Accusative	بَرْقًا barqan	الْبَرْقَ al-barqa	بَرْقَ barqa
Genitive	بَرْقٍ barqin	الْبَرْقِ al-barqi	بَرْقِ barqi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَرْقَيْن barqayn	الْبَرْقَيْن al-barqayn	بَرْقَيْ barqay
Nominative	بَرْقَانِ barqāni	الْبَرْقَانِ al-barqāni	بَرْقَا barqā
Accusative	بَرْقَيْنِ barqayni	الْبَرْقَيْنِ al-barqayni	بَرْقَيْ barqay
Genitive	بَرْقَيْنِ barqayni	الْبَرْقَيْنِ al-barqayni	بَرْقَيْ barqay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُرُوق burūq	الْبُرُوق al-burūq	بُرُوق burūq
Nominative	بُرُوقٌ burūqun	الْبُرُوقُ al-burūqu	بُرُوقُ burūqu
Accusative	بُرُوقًا burūqan	الْبُرُوقَ al-burūqa	بُرُوقَ burūqa
Genitive	بُرُوقٍ burūqin	الْبُرُوقِ al-burūqi	بُرُوقِ burūqi

Descendants

• Hijazi Arabic: برق (barg)
• Maltese: beraq
• Moroccan Arabic: برق (barq)
• South Levantine Arabic: برق (barq)
• → Ottoman Turkish: برق (berk)
• → Persian: برق (barq)

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ب ر ق
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق (barq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barɡ/

Noun

برق • (barg) m (plural بروق (burūg))

1. lightning

See also

• رعد (raʕad, raʕd, “thunder”)

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق (barq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barq/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

برق • (barq) m (plural بروق (brūq) or بروقة (brūqa), diminutive بريق (briyyiq))

1. lightning

See also

• رعد (raʕd)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق (barq).

Noun

برق • (berk)

1. lightning

   Synonym: شمشك (şimşek)

Descendants

• Turkish: berk

Persian

Alternative forms

• بلق (balq) (colloquial, Tehrani)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَرْق (barq).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [baɾq]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäɾq]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäɾq]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bäɾq]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bäɾq]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæɹɢ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæɹɢ̥]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [bælɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bäɾq]

Readings
Classical reading?	barq
Dari reading?	barq
Iranian reading?	barğ
Tajik reading?	barq

Noun

Dari	برق
Iranian Persian
Tajik	барқ

برق • (barq)

1. electricity

   طلا هادی برق است.

   talâ hâdi-ye barq ast.

   Gold conducts electricity.

2. lightning

   سگ از رعد و برق می‌ترسد.

   sag az ra'd o barq mi-tarsad.

   The dog is afraid of thunder and lightning.

   • c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 1012”, in دیوان [Dīvān]‎^[2]:

     برق را در خرمن مردم تماشا کرده است
     آن که پندارد که حال مردم دنیا خوش است؟

     barq rā dar xirman-i mardum tamāšā karda ast
     ān ki pindārad ki hāl-i mardum-i dunyā xwaš ast?

     Has he observed how the lightning strikes the haystack of Man [reducing it to ashes in a moment]—
     He who thinks that the state of Man in the mortal world is worthwhile?

     (Classical Persian romanization)

3. (chiefly Dari) electric light (source of illumination)

   برق را داغ کن (Dari, more formal)

   barq rā dāğ kun

   turn on the light

4. brilliance, glint, flash, sparkle
   • c. 1649, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “On the conquest of Qandahār and praise of Shah ʿAbbās II”, in دیوان [Dīvān]‎^[3]:

     از برق تیغ و خنجر بی زینهار شد
     در فوج خصم هر علم انگشت زینهار

     az barq-i tēğ u xanjar bē zēnhār šud
     dar fawj-i xasm har alam angušt-i zēnhār

     Without warning, due to the flash of swords and daggers,
     Every flag in the enemy host became a finger [raised in] warning.

     (Classical Persian romanization)

5. glaze, sheen

Derived terms

verbs

• برق زدن (barq zadan)
• برق کردن (barq kardan)
• برق گرفتن (barq gereftan)

 

others

• برقی (barqi)
• برق‌رسانی (barq-resâni)
• برق‌کار (barq-kâr)
• تابلو برق (tâblo-ye barq)
• تیر برق (tir-e barq)
• دکل برق (dakal-e barq)
• رعد و برق (ra'd o barq)
• قطع برق (qat'-e barq)
• کلید برق (kelid-e barq)

 

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ب ر ق
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic أبرَق.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Urban) /ba.raʔ/, [ˈba.raʔ]
• IPA^(key): (Bedouin) /ba.raɡ/, [ˈba.raɡ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

برق • (baraʔ) I (present ببرق (bibriʔ))

1. (weather) to be stormy with lightning

Conjugation

Conjugation of برق (baraʔ)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	برقت (baraʔt)	برقت (baraʔt)	برق (baraʔ)		برقنا (baraʔna)	برقتو (baraʔtu)	برقو (baraʔu)
	f		برقتي (baraʔti)	برقت (barʔat)
present	m	ببرق (babriʔ)	بتبرق (btibriʔ)	ببرق (bibriʔ)		منبرق (mnibriʔ)	بتبرقو (btibriʔu)	ببرقو (bibriʔu)
	f		بتبرقي (btibriʔi)	بتبرق (btibriʔ)
subjunctive	m	أبرق (ʔabriʔ)	تبرق (tibriʔ)	يبرق (yibriʔ)		نبرق (nibriʔ)	تبرقو (tibriʔu)	يبرقو (yibriʔu)
	f		تبرقي (tibriʔi)	تبرق (tibriʔ)
imperative	m		ابرق (ibriʔ)				ابرقو (ibriʔu)
	f		ابرقي (ibriʔi)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَرْق (barq).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /bəɾq/

Noun

بَرْق • (barq) f (Hindi spelling बर्क़)

1. electricity

   Synonym: بجلی (bijlī)

2. lightning

Adjective

بَرْق • (barq) (Hindi spelling बर्क़)

1. quick, active, brisk, alert

References

• “برق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “barq”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.