همچنین

Persian

Etymology

هم (ham) +‎ چون (čon) +‎ این (in). Compare همچنان (hamčonân).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ham.t͡ʃu.ˈniːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häm.t͡ʃʰʊ.níːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häm.t͡ʃʰʊ.níːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäm.t͡ʃʰʊ.níːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäm.t͡ʃʰu.nín]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæm.t͡ʃʰe.niːn], [hæm.t͡ʃʰo.níːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [häm.t͡ʃʰu.nín]

Readings
Classical reading?	hamčunīn
Dari reading?	hamčunīn
Iranian reading?	hamčenin, hamčonin
Tajik reading?	hamčunin

Adverb

Dari	همچنین
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҳамчунин

همچنین • (hamčenin or hamčonin)

1. also, as well

   Synonyms: هم (ham), نیز (niz)

   • 2008, “ابرقدرت افکار عمومی [Superpower of Public Opinion]”, in چشم انداز ایران:

     ما دیدیم در مخالفت با حمله به عراق تنها در روز، ده‌میلیون نفر از مردم جهان به ‌طور همزمان طی تظاهراتی با جنگ مخالفت کردند، همچنین در یک راهپیمایی بی‌سابقه یک میلیون و دویست هزار نفری، شهروندان لندن مخالفت خود را با جنگ اعلام کردند.

     mâ didim dar moxâfelat bâ hamle be erâq tanhâ dar ruz, dah milyun nafar az mardom-e jahân be tor-e hamzamân tey-e tazâhorât-i bâ jang moxâlefat kardand, hamčenin dar yek râhpeymâyi-e bisâbeqe-ye yek milyuon va devist hezâr nafari, šahrvandân-e landan moxâlefat-e xod-râ bâ jang e'lâm kardand.

     We saw that in the opposition to the invasion of Iraq, ten million from among the people of the world demonstrated simultaneously in a single day to oppose the war. Also, in a unique rally, one million and two hundred thousand citizens of London announced their opposition to the war.

2. thus, in this manner, likewise

   Synonym: همچنان (hamčenân)

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 817:

     باشد اغلب صید این بز همچنین / ورنه چالاکست و چست و خصم‌بین

     bâšad ağlab seyd-e in boz hamčonin / varna čâlâk-ast o čost o xasm-bin

     The capture of this [mountain-]goat is, for the most part, [accomplished] in this manner; else [it would be difficult, for] he is agile and nimble and quick to see the enemy.

   • c. 1655, دبستان مذاهب [Dabistān-i Mazāhib]:

     چنانکه از غفلت ریسمان را مار‌ پنداشت، همچنین جهان را دروغ‌بود داند که از غفلت عالم انگاشته.

     čonânke az ğaflat rismân-râ mâr pendâšt, hamčonin jahân-râ doruğ-bud dânad ke az ğaflat 'âlem angâšte.

     Just like he imagined a rope to be a snake due to inattention, he likewise knows the world to be a falsehood which he has perceived as the world due to inattention.

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: həmçinin