布団
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Japanese[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 布 | 団 |
| ふ Grade: 5 (ateji) |
とん Grade: 5 |
| goon | tōon |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 布團 (kyūjitai) 蒲団 |
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from written Chinese, possibly early Mandarin 蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán), likely as part of the importation of Zen Buddhism, for which practice these were originally used. First cited in Japanese to a text from the early-mid 1200s with the "meditation cushion" sense.[1]
Originally referred literally to a 蒲 (pú, “bulrush, cattail”) 團／团 (tuán, “ball”), from the way these were round cushions made from woven bulrush leaves.[1][2]
After the term was borrowed, the usage and construction of these cushions changed and the connection with bulrushes was weakened, leading to the simpler character 布 (fu, “cloth”) being used as a replacement for 蒲 (fu, “bulrush, cattail”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- [from early-mid 1200s] (Buddhism, specifically Zen) a round cushion made of woven bulrush leaves, used for zazen seated Zen meditation
- [from 1592] short for 座布団 (zabuton, “seat / sitting cushion”)
- [from 1638] (most common sense in modern usage) traditional Japanese-style bedding, more specifically the 敷布団 (shiki-buton, “mattress”, literally “spreading / laying-down futon”) or 掛け布団 (kake-buton, “duvet or quilt”, literally “covering futon”), or a set of both, spread directly on a tatami floor
- 布団を敷く
- futon o shiku
- to lay out the futon → to make the bed
- 布団をあげる
- futon o ageru
- to raise the futon → to put away the bedding
- 布団を敷く
Usage notes[edit]
- 布団 may refer to just the mattress, just the comforter, or the entire bed consisting of both.
- Note that the Japanese term has no "furniture" sense, unlike the borrowed English term futon, which can refer to a specific kind of sofa-bed.
Derived terms[edit]
- 掛け布団 (kake-buton, “duvet, quilt, comforter”, literally “covering futon”)
- 敷き布団 (shiki-buton, “mattress, bedroll”, literally “spreading / lying-down futon”)
- 座布団 (zabuton, “seat / sitting cushion”)
Descendants[edit]
Descendants
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “蒲団・布団”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ “布団”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- 2000, Jonathan Bunt, Gillian Hall, The Oxford Starter Japanese Dictionary, First Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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