être
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also etre
Contents |
French [edit]
Etymology [edit]
From Middle French estre, from Old French estre, ester (“to be”), composed of two verbs: Latin stō (“stand”) (whence été, étant), and Latin esse (“be”) (whence est, sont), irregular also in Latin. Infinitive, present participle, past participle and imperfect forms from Latin stō (“stand”). More at be, is, stand.
Pronunciation [edit]
- IPA: /ɛtʁ/, X-SAMPA: /EtR/
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Audio (France, West) (file) - (Quebec) IPA: [aɛ̯tʁ], X-SAMPA: [aE^tR]
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Audio (Quebec, Montreal) (file) - Rhymes: -ɛtʁ
- Homophones: aitre, aitres, aître, aîtres, êtres
- Hyphenation: être
Verb [edit]
être
- to be
- Vous devez être plus clairs.
- You must be clearer.
- Vous devez être plus clairs.
- (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (including all reflexive verbs)
- Après être allé au yoga, je suis rentré chez moi.
- After having gone to yoga, I came back home.
- Après être allé au yoga, je suis rentré chez moi.
- (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)
- Il peut être battu ce soir.
- He could be beaten this evening.
- Il peut être battu ce soir.
Conjugation [edit]
Conjugation of être (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | être | avoir été | |||||
| gerund | en étant | en ayant été | |||||
| present participle | étant | ||||||
| past participle | été | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | suis | es | est | sommes | êtes | sont |
| imperfect | étais | étais | était | étions | étiez | étaient | |
| past historic1 | fus | fus | fut | fûmes | fûtes | furent | |
| future | serai | seras | sera | serons | serez | seront | |
| conditional | serais | serais | serait | serions | seriez | seraient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | sois | sois | soit | soyons | soyez | soient |
| imperfect1 | fusse | fusses | fût | fussions | fussiez | fussent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | sois | — | soyons | soyez | — | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
Derived terms [edit]
Related terms [edit]
See also [edit]
Noun [edit]
être m (plural êtres)
Related terms [edit]
Jèrriais [edit]
Verb [edit]
être
- Alternative form of êt'.
Categories:
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms derived from Latin
- French auxiliary verbs
- French verbs
- French irregular verbs
- French third group verbs
- French nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French countable nouns
- French suppletive verbs
- Jèrriais verbs
- Jèrriais alternative forms