嗜む

Japanese[edit]

Shift in meaning from 窘(たしな)む (tashinamu), from たしない (tashinai, “difficult, agonizing; poor, lacking”, an adjective) + む (-mu), from たし (tashi, an element also found in 確(たし)か (tashika, “certain; reliable”) and たしに (tashi ni)) + ない (-nai, “very much that quality or state”).^[1]

嗜(たしな)む • (tashinamu) transitive godan (stem 嗜(たしな)み (tashinami), past 嗜(たしな)んだ (tashinanda))

Conjugation of "嗜む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Classical conjugation of "嗜む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	嗜ま	たしなま	tasinama
Continuative (連用形)	嗜み	たしなみ	tasinami
Terminal (終止形)	嗜む	たしなむ	tasinamu
Attributive (連体形)	嗜む	たしなむ	tasinamu
Realis (已然形)	嗜め	たしなめ	tasiname
Imperative (命令形)	嗜め	たしなめ	tasiname
Key constructions
Negative	嗜まず	たしなまず	tasinamazu
Contrasting conjunction	嗜めど	たしなめど	tasinamedo
Causal conjunction	嗜めば	たしなめば	tasinameba
Conditional conjunction	嗜まば	たしなまば	tasinamaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	嗜みき	たしなみき	tasinamiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	嗜みけり	たしなみけり	tasinamikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	嗜みつ	たしなみつ	tasinamitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	嗜みぬ	たしなみぬ	tasinaminu
Perfect-continuative tense	嗜めり嗜みたり	たしなめりたしなみたり	tasinameri tasinamitari
Volitional	嗜まむ	たしなまむ	tasinamamu

^ “嗜む”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN