恬恬

Chinese

		quiet, calm, tranquil, peaceful	quiet, calm, tranquil, peaceful
trad. (恬恬)		恬	恬
simp. #(恬恬)		恬	恬
alternative forms		扂扂

Pronunciation

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tiâm-tiâm
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiām-tiām / tiǎm-tiǎm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): diam⁷ diam⁷

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• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiâm-tiâm
    • Hakka Romanization System: diam^ˊ diam^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: diam¹ diam¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ti̯am²⁴⁻¹¹ ti̯am²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiām-tiām
    • Tâi-lô: tiām-tiām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diaxmdiam
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiam²²⁻²¹ tiam²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiam³³⁻¹¹ tiam³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiam³³⁻²¹ tiam³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǎm-tiǎm
    • Tâi-lô: tiǎm-tiǎm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam²² tiam²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: diam⁷ diam⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiām tiām
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiam¹¹ tiam¹¹/

Adverb

恬恬

1. (Hakka, Southern Min) silently; quietly

   學生恬恬聽／学生恬恬听 [Hokkien]  ―  ha̍k-seng tiām-tiām thiaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  The student quietly listens

   • 恬恬在厝 [Teochew, trad. and simp.]

     From: 1841, William Dean, First Lessons in the Tie-chiw Dialect, “Words and Phrases”

     [translit?] [Peng'im]

     quietly remain at home

   • 只有靜靜在這參自己賭氣　那一天才有自己的地和天 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     只有静静在这参自己赌气　那一天才有自己的地和天 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 1998, 李宗盛 and 林強 (lyricist 伍佰), 台北孤兒

     chí-ū tiām-tiām tī tsia chham ka-kī tó͘-khì, tó chi̍t kang tsiah ū ka-kī ê tē kah thiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

See also

• 惦惦

References

• Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “tiām”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 497; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 497
• “Entry #4958”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.