學生

See also: 学生

Chinese

		learn; study; science learn; study; science; ‑ology	to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
trad. (學生)		學	生
simp. (学生)		学	生

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xuéshēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄕㄥ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xüo² sen¹

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щүәсын (xüəsɨn, I-II)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hok⁶ saang¹, hok⁶ sang¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hok⁵ sang^1*

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ho̍k-sâng
• Jin (Wiktionary): xyeh⁵ seng¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): hŏk-sĕng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ha̍k-seng / ha̍k-sng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hag⁸ sêng¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁸ghoq-san

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xuéshēng → xuésheng (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄕㄥ → ㄒㄩㄝˊ ˙ㄕㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syuéshe̊ng
    • Wade–Giles: hsüeh²-shêng⁵
    • Yale: sywé-sheng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyue.sheng
    • Palladius: сюэшэн (sjuešɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/ → /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂɤŋ³/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xüo² sen¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiuosen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyo²¹ sən⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щүәсын (xüəsɨn, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyə²⁴ səŋ⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hok⁶ saang¹, hok⁶ sang¹
    • Yale: hohk sāang, hohk sāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hok⁹ saang¹, hok⁹ sang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hog⁶ sang¹, hog⁶ seng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːk̚² saːŋ⁵⁵/, /hɔːk̚² sɐŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hok⁵ sang^1*
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔk̚³² saŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ho̍k-sâng
    • Hakka Romanization System: hog sang´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hog⁶ sang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hok̚⁵ saŋ²⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xyeh⁵ seng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕyəʔ⁵⁴ sə̃ŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hŏk-sĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /houʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Hsinchu, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Sanxia, Taichung, Tainan, Yilan, Penang, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-seng
    • Tâi-lô: ha̍k-sing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hagsefng
    • IPA (Yilan): /hak̚⁵⁻² siɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Singapore): /hak̚⁴³⁻²¹ seŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Penang): /hak̚⁴⁻³ seŋ³³/
    • IPA (Lukang): /hak̚³⁵⁻² siɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Tainan): /hak̚⁴⁻¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /hak̚⁵⁴⁻³² siɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Taipei): /hak̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-sng
    • Tâi-lô: ha̍k-sng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hagsngf
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /hak̚²⁴⁻² sŋ̍³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hag⁸ sêng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ha̍k seng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hak̚⁴⁻² seŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁸ghoq-san
    • MiniDict: ghoh^入 san
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhoq-san
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦoʔ¹¹ sã²³/

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• Middle Chinese: haewk sraeng

Rime
Character	學	生
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	江 (10)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	胡覺切	所庚切
Baxter	haewk	sraeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠʌk̚/	/ʃˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚɔk̚/	/ʃᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɔk̚/	/ʃaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨwk̚/	/ʂaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɔk̚/	/ʃɐŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣɔk̚/	/ʃɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɔk̚/	/ʂɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xué	shēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hok6	sang1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤruk  sreŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡruːɡ  sʰleːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	學	生
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xué	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ hæwk ›	‹ sræng ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˁruk/	/*sreŋ/
English	study; imitate	fresh, raw
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	學	生
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	14079	11312
Phonetic component	學	生
Rime group	覺	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	學	生
Old Chinese	/*ɡruːɡ/	/*sʰleːŋ/
Notes	甲文象習持爻於膝前， 金文方加子

Noun

學生

1. student; pupil (Classifier: 位 m)

   學生時代／学生时代  ―  xuéshēng shídài  ―  student days

   學生手冊／学生手册  ―  xuéshēng shǒucè  ―  student handbook

   一位認真的學生／一位认真的学生  ―  yī wèi rènzhēn de xuéshēng  ―  a conscientious student

   提高學生素質／提高学生素质  ―  tígāo xuéshēng sùzhì  ―  to improve the calibre of students

   誘發學生寫作興趣的方法 [MSC, trad.]
   诱发学生写作兴趣的方法 [MSC, simp.]

   yòufā xuéshēng xiězuò xìngqù de fāngfǎ [Pinyin]

   methods of arousing students' interest in writing

   我不是學生，我是工程師。 [MSC, trad.]
   我不是学生，我是工程师。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ bù shì xuéshēng, wǒ shì gōngchéngshī. [Pinyin]

   I am not a student, I am an engineer.

   大多數學生考完了試。 [MSC, trad.]
   大多数学生考完了试。 [MSC, simp.]

   Dàduōshù xuéshēng kǎo wán le shì. [Pinyin]

   Most of the students have finished the exam.

   學生身邊帶著手機。 [MSC, trad.]
   学生身边带着手机。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xuéshēng shēnbiān dài zhe shǒujī. [Pinyin]

   The students have mobile phones with them.

   請你們選出幾位學生代表來參加。 [MSC, trad.]
   请你们选出几位学生代表来参加。 [MSC, simp.]

   Qǐng nǐmen xuǎnchū jǐ wèi xuéshēng dàibiǎo lái cānjiā. [Pinyin]

   Please select a few student representatives to participate.

2. disciple; follower (Classifier: 位 m)

Synonyms

• (student):

• 學員／学员 (xuéyuán) (especially one who studies outside the usual educational system)
• 學堂生／学堂生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 學子／学子 (xuézǐ) (literary)
• 學徒／学徒 (xuétú) (literary)
• 學生仔／学生仔 (Hakka, Xiamen Hokkien)
• 學生子／学生子 (⁸ghoq-san-tsy) (Wu)
• 生徒 (shēngtú) (literary)

 

• (disciple):

• 學師仔／学师仔 (hok⁶ si¹ zai²) (Cantonese)
• 學徒／学徒 (xuétú)
• 學徒工／学徒工 (xuétúgōng)
• 師仔／师仔 (Hokkien, Taishanese)
• 師仔工／师仔工 (Hokkien)
• 師哥／师哥 (Longyan Min)
• 師囝／师囝 (Teochew)
• 弟子 (dìzǐ)
• 徒工 (túgōng)
• 徒弟 (túdì)
• 徒弟伢子 (dou² di⁴ nga² zr) (Xiang)
• 徒弟娃兒／徒弟娃儿 (tu² di⁴ war²) (Sichuanese)
• 門人／门人 (ménrén)
• 門徒／门徒 (méntú)
• 門生／门生 (ménshēng) (literary)

 

Derived terms

• 中學生／中学生 (zhōngxuéshēng)
• 國際學生／国际学生 (guójì xuéshēng)
• 大學生／大学生 (dàxuéshēng)
• 學生仔／学生仔
• 學生伴／学生伴
• 學生哥／学生哥
• 學生妹／学生妹
• 學生會／学生会 (xuéshenghuì)
• 學生腔／学生腔 (xuéshēngqiāng)
• 學生裝／学生装 (xuéshēngzhuāng)
• 學生證／学生证 (xuéshēngzhèng)
• 學生運動／学生运动 (xuéshēng yùndòng)
• 小學生／小学生 (xiǎoxuéshēng)
• 有狀元學生，無狀元先生／有状元学生，无状元先生

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (學生):

• → Japanese: 学(がく)生(せい) (gakusei)
• → Okinawan: 学(がく)生(そー) (gakusō)
• → Korean: 학생(學生) (haksaeng)
• → Jeju: ᄒᆞᆨ셍 (hawkseng)
• → Vietnamese: học sinh (學生)

Other:

• → Zhuang: hagseng

Japanese

Kanji in this term
學	生
がく Hyōgaiji	せい Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

學(がく)生(せい) • (gakusei) 

1. Kyūjitai form of 学生: student

Korean

Hanja in this term
學	生

Noun

學生 • (haksaeng) (hangeul 학생)

1. Hanja form^? of 학생 (“student”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
學	生

Noun

學生

1. chữ Hán form of học sinh (“student”).