暴徒

Chinese

		sudden; violent; cruel sudden; violent; cruel; to show or expose; to injure	apprentice; disciple
simp. and trad. (暴徒)		暴	徒

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bàotú

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ ㄊㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou⁶ tou⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau-thù
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): po̍k-tô͘ / pō-tô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bao⁶ tu⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bàotú
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ ㄊㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bàotú
    • Wade–Giles: pao⁴-tʻu²
    • Yale: bàu-tú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bawtwu
    • Palladius: баоту (baotu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bou⁶ tou⁴
    • Yale: bouh tòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou⁶ tou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou⁶ tou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯²² tʰou̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau-thù
    • Hakka Romanization System: pau tuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pau⁴ tu²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰau̯⁵⁵ tʰu¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k-tô͘
    • Tâi-lô: po̍k-tôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pogdoo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pɔk̚⁴⁻³² tɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tɔ¹³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴⁻² tɔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pō-tô͘
    • Tâi-lô: pō-tôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poixdoo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /po²²⁻²¹ tɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /po²²⁻²¹ tɔ¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bao⁶ tu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pău thû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰu⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: bawH du

Rime
Character	暴	徒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	薄報切	同都切
Baxter	bawH	du
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɑuH/	/duo/
Pan Wuyun	/bɑuH/	/duo/
Shao Rongfen	/bɑuH/	/do/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bawH/	/dɔ/
Li Rong	/bɑuH/	/do/
Wang Li	/bɑuH/	/du/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱɑuH/	/dʱuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bào	tú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou6	tou4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤawk-s  [d]ˤa/

  (Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs  l'aː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	暴	徒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bào	tú
Middle Chinese	‹ bawH ›	‹ du ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁawk-s/	/*[d]ˁa/
English	violent	go on foot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暴	徒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	330	12494
Phonetic component	暴	徒
Rime group	貌	魚
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	暴	徒
Old Chinese	/*boːwɢs/	/*l'aː/

Noun

暴徒

1. (countable) thug; mob; rioter (Classifier: 名)

   黑衣暴徒  ―  hēi yī bàotú  ―  black-clothed thugs (specifically in 2019 Hong Kong protests)

   沒有暴徒，只有暴政 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
   没有暴徒，只有暴政 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

   mut⁶ jau⁵ bou⁶ tou⁴, zi² jau⁵ bou⁶ zing³ [Jyutping]

   There are no rioters, only tyranny (slogan in 2019 Hong Kong protests)

   • 但段政府就有令，說她們是「暴徒」！但接著就有流言，說她們是受人利用的。 [MSC, trad.]
     但段政府就有令，说她们是「暴徒」！但接着就有流言，说她们是受人利用的。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1926 April 12, Lu Xun, 《記念劉和珍君》

     Dàn Duàn zhèngfǔ jiù yǒu lìng, shuō tāmen shì “bàotú”! Dàn jiēzhe jiù yǒu liúyán, shuō tāmen shì shòu rén lìyòng de. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• 兇徒／凶徒 (xiōngtú)
• 狂徒 (kuángtú) (literary)

 

Related terms

• 歹徒 (dǎitú)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (暴徒):

• → Japanese: 暴(ぼう)徒(と) (bōto)
• → Korean: 폭도(暴徒) (pokdo)
• → Vietnamese: bạo đồ (暴徒)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
暴	徒
ぼう Grade: 5	と Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぼ​ーと [bóꜜòtò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bo̞ːto̞]

Noun

暴(ぼう)徒(と) • (bōto) 

1. mob

   デモ隊(たい)が暴(ぼう)徒(と)化(か)した。

   Demotai ga bōtoka shita.

   The protesters became violent.

Korean

Hanja in this term
暴	徒

Noun

暴徒 • (pokdo) (hangeul 폭도)

1. Hanja form^? of 폭도 (“mob, rioter”).