af-

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Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse af-. Compare German ab-, Swedish av-.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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af-

  1. de-, to cause to cease to be
    tabuisere (to taboo) -> aftabuisere (to detaboo)
    klassificere (classify, make classified (secret)) -> afklassificere (declassify, make unclassified)
    militarisere (militarize) -> afmilitarisere (demilitarize)
    mystificere (mystify) -> afmystificere (demystify)
  2. off, from (signifies removal)
    rive (rip) -> afrive (rip off)
    skrælle (peel) -> afskrælle

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɑf/
  • Audio:(file)

Prefix

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af-

  1. (prefix) de-, en-
  2. down
  3. off

Derived terms

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Category Dutch terms prefixed with af- not found

Gothic

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Romanization

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af-

  1. Romanization of 𐌰𐍆-

Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse af-, from Proto-Germanic *aba-.

Prefix

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af-

  1. de-

Derived terms

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Old English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *aba-.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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af-

  1. away, off, from, away from
    ofcuman, afcumanto come from, originate from

Usage notes

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  • This is a verbal prefix. The noun counterpart of this prefix is æf-.

Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *aba-. Cognate with Old Norse æf-.

Prefix

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af-

  1. away, off, from, away from
  2. excessively, negatively

Derived terms

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Old Saxon

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *aba-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (off, away).

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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af-

  1. Forming verbs and adjectives with the sense of "off", "away", "from", "out of", "away from"
    afgevan/afgeƀan (to give up, surrender)
  2. down
    afbrekan (break down, pluck)
    afheldian (go down, end)

Scots

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Prefix

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af-

  1. Shetland form of aff-

References

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Swedish

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Prefix

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af-

  1. Obsolete spelling of av-.

Welsh

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Etymology

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From Proto-Brythonic *aβ̃-, from Proto-Celtic *am-, allophonic variant of *an- before *b and .

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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af-

  1. not, un-, non-, an-, dis-, negative prefix
    Synonym: an-
    af- + ‎glân (clean; honest) → ‎aflan (corrupt, evil)
    af- + ‎llwyddiannus (successful) → ‎aflwyddiannus (unsuccessful)
    af- + ‎rhwydd (easy) → ‎afrwydd (difficult)
    af- + ‎iechyd (health) → ‎afiechyd (sickness, illness)

Usage notes

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The prefix af- triggers the soft mutation. It is used only before gl, ll, rh, and consonantal i, with an- used elsewhere.

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
af- unchanged unchanged haf-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “af-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies