en-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "en"

English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • em- (before certain consonants, principally the labials b and p)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English en- (“en-, in-”). Originally from Old French en- (also an-), from Latin in- (“in, into”); but also from an alteration of in-, from Middle English in-, from Old English in- (“in, into”), from Proto-Germanic *in (“in”). Both the Latin and the Germanic forms are from Proto-Indo-European *en (“in, into”). Intensive use of Old French en-, an- is due to confluence with Frankish *an- (intensive prefix), related to Old English on- (intensive prefix). More at in-, on-.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɛn-/, /ɪn-/, /ən-/

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. Forms a transitive verb whose meaning is to make the attached adjective
    2. in, into
      embathe, enquire, enlist
    4. on, onto
      embark, enplane, enthrone
    6. covered by
      enclothe, embalm, enseam
  3. to become
    enslave, embetter, engloom
  5. provide with
    empower
  7. an intensifier
    entangle, enwisen, enhamper

Usage notes[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

English terms prefixed with en-
verbs derived from French (or Anglo-Norman) verbs or expressions using en- or en
nouns derived from French (or Anglo-Norman) nouns or expressions using en- or en
verbs composed from en- + English verb (meaning: to include, apply)
verbs composed from en- + English noun, sometimes with additional verb suffixes as -ate, -en or -ize (“to enclose, enter in, provide with”)
verbs composed from en- + English adjective or other word type (meaning: provide with a quality)
terms derived from foreign (mostly Greek) words using en- or in-

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived terms[edit]

Catalan terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old French en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃/
  • Audio(file)

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived terms[edit]

French terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Galician[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en-, in-

Derived terms[edit]

From

Galician terms prefixed with en-

.

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Ido[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Prefix form of en (“in”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. prefix indicating in
    ‎en- + ‎irar (“to go”) → ‎enirar (“to go in; enter”)
    ‎en- + ‎swichar (“to switch”) → ‎enswichar (“to switch on”)

Derived terms[edit]

Ido terms prefixed with en-

Ladino[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • em- (before b or p)

Etymology[edit]

From Old Spanish en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of in (“in, into”).

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en-

Derived terms[edit]

Ladino terms prefixed with en-

Middle English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Old French en-, from Latin in-.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. Forms words, usually verbs, meaning "in", "on", or "around"; en-.
  2. Intensifies words, usually verbs; en-.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Sometimes used interchangeably with in-; see that entry for more.

Derived terms[edit]

Middle English terms prefixed with en-

Descendants[edit]

  • English: en- (in-)

References[edit]

Mohawk[edit]

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. future tense prefix

References[edit]

  • Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 5

Norman[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old French en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived terms[edit]

Norman terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Northern Ndebele[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Usage notes[edit]

The variant form em- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

Occitan[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Occitan en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived terms[edit]

Occitan terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Old French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”). Influenced by Frankish *an- (intensive prefix), related to Old English on- (intensive prefix).

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (in; into)
  2. en- (intensifier)

Derived terms[edit]

Old French terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Old Saxon[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From ēn (“one”).

Prefix[edit]

ēn-

  1. one, uni-, only
    ēnkunni (“only, unique”)
  2. sole, single, solitary

Portuguese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • em- (before p or b), e- (before m or n)

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see em.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings)

Derived terms[edit]

Portuguese terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • em- (before b or p)

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Spanish en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. en- (all meanings) (clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived terms[edit]

Spanish terms prefixed with en-

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Tocharian A[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Related to Tocharian B en-, either borrowed into or from Tocharian A. Of uncertain origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European, cognate with Ancient Greek αἶνος (aînos, “story, tale”).

Verb[edit]

en-

  1. to instruct, teach
  2. to punish

Tocharian B[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Related to Tocharian A en-, either borrowed into or from Tocharian B. Of uncertain origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European, cognate with Ancient Greek αἶνος (aînos, “story, tale”).

Verb[edit]

en-

  1. to instruct, teach
  2. to punish

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “en-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 87

Welsh[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word
    ‎en- + ‎mawr (“big”) → ‎enfawr (“huge”)
    ‎en- + ‎pyd (“danger”) → ‎enbyd (“dangerous, exceeding, pressing”)

Derived terms[edit]

Welsh terms prefixed with en-

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
en- unchanged unchanged hen-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “en-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Xhosa[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

en-

  1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Usage notes[edit]

The variant form em- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

Zulu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From a- (“relative”) +‎ n- (“class 9 basic noun prefix”).

Prefix[edit]

ḗn-

  1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Usage notes[edit]

The variant form em- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

References[edit]

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