envenenar

Portuguese

Etymology

From en- +‎ veneno (“poison”) +‎ -ar. Compare Latin venenāre. Compare Italian avvelenare, Romanian învenina, Spanish envenenar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ẽ.ve.neˈna(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ve.neˈna(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ẽ.ve.neˈna(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ve.neˈna(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ɾ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ẽ.ve.neˈna(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ve.neˈna(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ɻ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.vɨ.nɨˈnaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.vɨ.nɨˈnaɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.bɨ.nɨˈnaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.vɨ.nɨˈna.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: en‧ve‧ne‧nar

Verb

envenenar (first-person singular present enveneno, first-person singular preterite envenenei, past participle envenenado)

1. (transitive) to poison
2. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to be poisoned; to take poison
3. (figuratively) to spoil; to destroy
4. (colloquial) to soup up (a car)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of envenenar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	envenenar
Personal	envenenar	envenenares	envenenar	envenenarmos	envenenardes	envenenarem
Gerund
	envenenando
Past participle
Masculine	envenenado			envenenados
Feminine	envenenada			envenenadas
Indicative
Present	enveneno	envenenas	envenena	envenenamos	envenenais	envenenam
Imperfect	envenenava	envenenavas	envenenava	envenenávamos	envenenáveis	envenenavam
Preterite	envenenei	envenenaste	envenenou	envenenamos1, envenenámos2	envenenastes	envenenaram
Pluperfect	envenenara	envenenaras	envenenara	envenenáramos	envenenáreis	envenenaram
Future	envenenarei	envenenarás	envenenará	envenenaremos	envenenareis	envenenarão
Conditional	envenenaria	envenenarias	envenenaria	envenenaríamos	envenenaríeis	envenenariam
Subjunctive
Present	envenene	envenenes	envenene	envenenemos	enveneneis	envenenem
Imperfect	envenenasse	envenenasses	envenenasse	envenenássemos	envenenásseis	envenenassem
Future	envenenar	envenenares	envenenar	envenenarmos	envenenardes	envenenarem
Imperative
Affirmative		envenena	envenene	envenenemos	envenenai	envenenem
Negative (não)		não envenenes	não envenene	não envenenemos	não enveneneis	não envenenem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:envenenar.

Synonyms

• (to poison): intoxicar
• (to spoil): arruinar

Spanish

Etymology

Probably from en- +‎ veneno. Compare Latin venenāre, present active infinitive of venenō. Compare Italian avvelenare, Portuguese envenenar, Romanian învenina.

Pronunciation

• (General) IPA^(key): /embeneˈnaɾ/ [ẽm.be.neˈnaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: en‧ve‧ne‧nar

Verb

envenenar (first-person singular present enveneno, first-person singular preterite envenené, past participle envenenado)

1. to poison

   Synonym: emponzoñar

2. to interpret maliciously
3. to make bitter

Conjugation

    Conjugation of envenenar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			envenenar
gerund			envenenando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		envenenado		envenenada
		plural		envenenados		envenenadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	enveneno	envenenastú envenenásvos	envenena	envenenamos	envenenáis	envenenan
	imperfect	envenenaba	envenenabas	envenenaba	envenenábamos	envenenabais	envenenaban
	preterite	envenené	envenenaste	envenenó	envenenamos	envenenasteis	envenenaron
	future	envenenaré	envenenarás	envenenará	envenenaremos	envenenaréis	envenenarán
	conditional	envenenaría	envenenarías	envenenaría	envenenaríamos	envenenaríais	envenenarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	envenene	envenenestú envenenésvos2	envenene	envenenemos	envenenéis	envenenen
	imperfect (ra)	envenenara	envenenaras	envenenara	envenenáramos	envenenarais	envenenaran
	imperfect (se)	envenenase	envenenases	envenenase	envenenásemos	envenenaseis	envenenasen
	future1	envenenare	envenenares	envenenare	envenenáremos	envenenareis	envenenaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		envenenatú envenenávos	envenene	envenenemos	envenenad	envenenen
	negative		no envenenes	no envenene	no envenenemos	no envenenéis	no envenenen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of envenenar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive envenenar
	dative	envenenarme	envenenarte	envenenarle, envenenarse	envenenarnos	envenenaros	envenenarles, envenenarse
	accusative	envenenarme	envenenarte	envenenarlo, envenenarla, envenenarse	envenenarnos	envenenaros	envenenarlos, envenenarlas, envenenarse
with gerund envenenando
	dative	envenenándome	envenenándote	envenenándole, envenenándose	envenenándonos	envenenándoos	envenenándoles, envenenándose
	accusative	envenenándome	envenenándote	envenenándolo, envenenándola, envenenándose	envenenándonos	envenenándoos	envenenándolos, envenenándolas, envenenándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative envenena
	dative	envenéname	envenénate	envenénale	envenénanos	not used	envenénales
	accusative	envenéname	envenénate	envenénalo, envenénala	envenénanos	not used	envenénalos, envenénalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative envenená
	dative	envenename	envenenate	envenenale	envenenanos	not used	envenenales
	accusative	envenename	envenenate	envenenalo, envenenala	envenenanos	not used	envenenalos, envenenalas
with formal second-person singular imperative envenene
	dative	envenéneme	not used	envenénele, envenénese	envenénenos	not used	envenéneles
	accusative	envenéneme	not used	envenénelo, envenénela, envenénese	envenénenos	not used	envenénelos, envenénelas
with first-person plural imperative envenenemos
	dative	not used	envenenémoste	envenenémosle	envenenémonos	envenenémoos	envenenémosles
	accusative	not used	envenenémoste	envenenémoslo, envenenémosla	envenenémonos	envenenémoos	envenenémoslos, envenenémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative envenenad
	dative	envenenadme	not used	envenenadle	envenenadnos	envenenaos	envenenadles
	accusative	envenenadme	not used	envenenadlo, envenenadla	envenenadnos	envenenaos	envenenadlos, envenenadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative envenenen
	dative	envenénenme	not used	envenénenle	envenénennos	not used	envenénenles, envenénense
	accusative	envenénenme	not used	envenénenlo, envenénenla	envenénennos	not used	envenénenlos, envenénenlas, envenénense

Related terms

• envenenamiento
• envenenarse
• veneno
• venenoso

 

Further reading

• “envenenar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014