lake

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See also: Lake, Lãke, lakë, lakę, and łąkę

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (UK, US) enPR: lāk, IPA(key): /leɪk/
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɪk

Etymology 1[edit]

A mountain lake.

Arose from a conflation of the form of inherited Middle English lake (“small stream of running water, pool, lake”) with Middle English lac (“lake”), from Old French lac (“lake”) or Latin lacus (“lake, basin, tank”), see lac. The former, lake (“stream, pool, lake”), is inherited from Old English lacu (“stream, pool, expanse of water, lake”), from Proto-West Germanic *laku, from Proto-Germanic *lakō (“stream, pool, water aggregation”), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *leg- (“to leak, drain”). It is related to Dutch laak (“stream, drainage ditch, pond”), German Low German Lake, Laak (“drainage, marshland”), German Lache (“puddle”), Icelandic lækur (“stream”).[1]

Despite their similarity in form and meaning, Old English lacu is not related to English lay (“lake”), Latin lacus (“hollow, lake, pond”), Scottish Gaelic loch (“lake”), Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, “waterhole, tank, pond, pit”), all from Proto-Indo-European *lókus, *l̥kwés (“lake, pool”).[2]

Noun[edit]

lake (plural lakes)

  1. A large, landlocked stretch of water or similar liquid.
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
      Judge Short had gone to town, and Farrar was off for a three days' cruise up the lake. I was bitterly regretting I had not gone with him when the distant notes of a coach horn reached my ear, and I descried a four-in-hand winding its way up the inn road from the direction of Mohair.
  2. A large amount of liquid; as, a wine lake.
    • 1991, Robert DeNiro (actor), Backdraft:
      So you punched out a window for ventilation. Was that before or after you noticed you were standing in a lake of gasoline?
  3. (now chiefly dialectal) A small stream of running water; a channel for water; a drain.
  4. (obsolete) A pit, or ditch.
Usage notes[edit]

As with the names of rivers, mounts and mountains, the names of lakes are typically formed by adding the word before or after the unique term: Lake Titicaca or Great Slave Lake. Generally speaking, names formed using adjectives or attributives see lake added to the end, as with Reindeer Lake; lake is usually added before proper names, as with Lake Michigan. This derives from the earlier but now uncommon form lake of ~: for instance, the 19th-century Lake of Annecy is now usually simply Lake Annecy. There are exceptions to this generalization, however, including notably the names of the individual Finger Lakes (e.g. Oneida Lake, Seneca Lake, Cayuga Lake). It frequently occurs, however, that foreign placenames are misunderstood as proper nouns, as with the Chinese Taihu (“Great Lake”) and Qinghai (“Blue Sea”) being frequently rendered as Lake Tai and Qinghai Lake.

Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
See lake/translations § Noun.

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Astell, Ann W. (1999) Political Allegory in Late Medieval England, Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 192.
  • Cameron, Kenneth (1961) English Place Names, B. T. Batsford Limited, →ISBN, page 164.
  • Ferguson, Robert (1858) English Surnames: And their Place in the Teutonic Family, G. Routledge & Co., page 368.
  • Maetzner, Eduard Adolf Ferdinand (2009) An English Grammar; Methodical, Analytical, and Historical, BiblioBazaar, LLC, →ISBN, page 200.
  • Rissanen, Matti (1992) History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 513–514.
  • Sisam, Kenneth (2009) Fourteenth Century Verse and Prose, BiblioBazaar, →ISBN.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Northern Middle English lake, lak, lac (also laik, layke; Southern loke), from Old English lāc (“play, sport, strife, battle, sacrifice, offering, gift, present, booty, message”), from Proto-West Germanic *laik, from Proto-Germanic *laikaz (“game, dance, hymn, sport”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“to bounce, shake, tremble”). Cognate with Old High German leih (“song, melody, music”), Old Norse leikr (whence Danish leg (“game”), Swedish leka (“to play”)), and Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃 (laiks, “dance”); Doublet of lek.

Verb form partly from Middle English laken, from Old English lacan, from Proto-Germanic *laikaną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyg-. More at lay, -lock.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

lake (plural lakes)

  1. (obsolete) An offering, sacrifice, gift.
  2. (dialectal) Play; sport; game; fun; glee.
Related terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

lake (third-person singular simple present lakes, present participle laking, simple past and past participle laked)

  1. (obsolete) To present an offering.
  2. (dialectal, Northern, UK) To leap, jump, exert oneself, play.
  3. Subject biological cells to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing until lysis.

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle English lake, from Old English *lacen or Middle Dutch laken; both from Proto-Germanic *lakaną (“linen; cloth; sheet”). Cognate with Dutch lake (“linen”), Dutch laken (“linen; bedsheet”), German Laken, Danish lagan, Swedish lakan, Icelandic lak, lakan.

Noun[edit]

lake (plural lakes)

  1. (obsolete) A kind of fine, white linen.

Etymology 4[edit]

From French laque (“lacquer”), from Persian لاک (lâk), from Hindi लाख (lākh), from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā). Doublet of lac and lacquer.

Noun[edit]

lake (plural lakes)

  1. In dyeing and painting, an often fugitive crimson or vermilion pigment derived from an organic colorant (cochineal or madder, for example) and an inorganic, generally metallic mordant.
    • 1997, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 24, in Mason & Dixon, 1st US edition, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, part One: Latitudes and Departures, page 242:
      Jeremiah found himself indoors, perfecting his Draftsmanship, bending all day over the work-table, grinding and mixing his own Inks,— siftings and splashes ev'rywhere of King's Yellow, Azure, red Orpiment, Indian lake, Verdigris, Indigo, and Umber.
    Synonym: lac
  2. In the composition of colors for use in products intended for human consumption, made by extending on a substratum of alumina, a salt prepared from one of the certified water-soluble straight colors.
    The name of a lake prepared by extending the aluminum salt prepared from FD&C Blue No. 1 upon the substratum would be FD&C Blue No. 1--Aluminum Lake.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Verb[edit]

lake (third-person singular simple present lakes, present participle laking, simple past and past participle laked)

  1. To make lake-red.

References[edit]

  1. ^ “lake, n.3.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2021.
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “Lagu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Anagrams[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

lake

  1. (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of laken

Anagrams[edit]

Mauritian Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French queue.

Noun[edit]

lake

  1. tail
  2. queue

References[edit]

  • Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987. Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology 1[edit]

From Low German lake.

Noun[edit]

lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural laker, definite plural lakene)

  1. (preservative) pickle, brine

Etymology 2[edit]

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

From Old Norse laki.

Noun[edit]

lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural laker, definite plural lakene)

  1. (fish) burbot, eelpout (species Lota lota)

Etymology 3[edit]

As for Etymology 1.

Verb[edit]

lake

  1. to pickle, put in brine

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Etymology 1[edit]

From Low German lake.

Noun[edit]

lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural lakar, definite plural lakane)

  1. (preservative) pickle, brine

Etymology 2[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

From Old Norse laki.

Noun[edit]

lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural lakar, definite plural lakane)

  1. (fish) burbot, eelpout (species Lota lota)

Etymology 3[edit]

As for Etymology 1.

Verb[edit]

lake

  1. to pickle, put in brine

References[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Adjective[edit]

lake

  1. inflection of lak:
    1. masculine accusative plural
    2. feminine genitive singular
    3. feminine nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Seychellois Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French queue.

Noun[edit]

lake

  1. tail
  2. queue

References[edit]

  • Danielle D’Offay et Guy Lionnet, Diksyonner Kreol - Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois - Français

Swahili[edit]

Adjective[edit]

lake

  1. Ji class inflected form of -ake.

Swedish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Middle Low German lâke (“brine; standing water”), from Old Saxon *laca, from Proto-West Germanic *laku (“steam, pool”).[1][2]

Noun[edit]

lake c

  1. brine
Declension[edit]
Declension of lake 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative lake laken lakar lakarna
Genitive lakes lakens lakars lakarnas

References[edit]

  1. ^ Hellquist, Elof (1922) “1. lake”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎[1] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 394
  2. ^ “lake”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy]‎[2] (in Swedish), 1937

Etymology 2[edit]

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

From Old Norse laki.[1][2]

Noun[edit]

lake c

  1. burbot (Lota lota spp.)
    Synonym: (colloquial) slemhelge
Declension[edit]
Declension of lake 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative lake laken lakar lakarna
Genitive lakes lakens lakars lakarnas

References[edit]

  1. ^ Hellquist, Elof (1922) “2. lake”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎[3] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, pages 394-395
  2. ^ “lake”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy]‎[4] (in Swedish), 1937

Anagrams[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French laqué.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈla.ce/
  • Hyphenation: la‧ke

Adjective[edit]

lake

  1. Polished with lacquer.

Declension[edit]

predicative forms of lake
present tense
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I am) lakeyim lake miyim? lake değilim lake değil miyim?
sen (you are) lakesin lake misin? lake değilsin lake değil misin?
o (he/she/it is) lake / lakedir lake mi? lake değil lake değil mi?
biz (we are) lakeyiz lake miyiz? lake değiliz lake değil miyiz?
siz (you are) lakesiniz lake misiniz? lake değilsiniz lake değil misiniz?
onlar (they are) lake(ler) lake(ler) mi? lake değil(ler) lake değiller mi?
past tense
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I was) lakeydim lake miydim? lake değildim lake değil miydim?
sen (you were) lakeydin lake miydin? lake değildin lake değil miydin?
o (he/she/it was) lakeydi lake miydi? lake değildi lake değil miydi?
biz (we were) lakeydik lake miydik? lake değildik lake değil miydik?
siz (you were) lakeydiniz lake miydiniz? lake değildiniz lake değil miydiniz?
onlar (they were) lakeydiler lake miydiler? lake değildi(ler) / değillerdi lake değil miydiler?
indirect past
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I was) lakeymişim lake miymişim? lake değilmişim lake değil miymişim?
sen (you were) lakeymişsin lake miymişsin? lake değilmişsin lake değil miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was) lakeymiş lake miymiş? lake değilmiş lake değil miymiş?
biz (we were) lakeymişiz lake miymişiz? lake değilmişiz lake değil miymişiz?
siz (you were) lakeymişsiniz lake miymişsiniz? lake değilmişsiniz lake değil miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were) lakeymişler lake miymişler? lake değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş lake değil miymişler?
conditional
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (if I) lakeysem lake miysem? lake değilsem lake değil miysem?
sen (if you) lakeysen lake miysen? lake değilsen lake değil miysen?
o (if he/she/it) lakeyse lake miyse? lake değilse lake değil miyse?
biz (if we) lakeysek lake miysek? lake değilsek lake değil miysek?
siz (if you) lakeyseniz lake miyseniz? lake değilseniz lake değil miyseniz?
onlar (if they) lakeyseler lake miyseler? lake değilseler / değillerse lake değil miyseler?

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “lake”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Further reading[edit]

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