paradigm

WOTD – 13 June 2006    

English

Alternative forms

• paradigma (chiefly archaic)

Etymology

Established 1475-85 from Late Latin paradīgma, from Ancient Greek παράδειγμα (paradeigma, “pattern”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA: /ˈpæɹ.ə.daɪm/, X-SAMPA: /"p{r.@.daIm/
• (US) enPR: ˈpär.ə.dīm, IPA: /ˈpɛɹ.ə.daɪm/, /ˈpæɹ.ə.daɪm/, X-SAMPA: /"pEr.@.daIm/, /"p{r.@.daIm/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Noun

paradigm (plural paradigms)

1. An example serving as a model or pattern; a template.
   • 2000, "Estate of William F. Jenkins v. Paramount Pictures Corp.":

     According to the Fourth Circuit, “Coca-Cola” is “the paradigm of a descriptive mark that has acquired secondary meaning”.

   • 2003, Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides, Logics of Conversation, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0 521 65058 5, page 46:

     DRT is a paradigm example of a dynamic semantic theory, […]

2. (linguistics) A set of all forms which contain a common element, especially the set of all inflectional forms of a word or a particular grammatical category.

   The paradigm of "go" is "go, went, gone."

3. A system of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that constitutes a way of viewing reality.
4. A conceptual framework—an established thought process.
5. A way of thinking which can occasionally lead to misleading predispositions; a prejudice. A route of mental efficiency which has presumably been verified by affirmative results/predictions.
6. A philosophy consisting of ‘top-bottom’ ideas (namely biases which could possibly make the practitioner susceptible to the ‘confirmation bias’).

Synonyms

• (example): exemplar
• (way of viewing reality): model, worldview
• See also Wikisaurus:model

Derived terms

• paradigmatic
• paradigm shift
• paradigmaticism

Translations

example serving as a model or pattern

• Catalan: paradigma (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 範例 (cmn), 范例 (cmn) (fànlì), 模範 (cmn), 模范 (cmn) (mófàn)

• Dutch: paradigma (nl) n
• Finnish: paradigma (fi), ajatusmalli
• French: paradigme (fr) m
• German: Beispiel (de) n, Musterbeispiel (de) n
• Hebrew: פאראדיגמה (paradigma) f
• Icelandic: fyrirmynd (is) f, viðmið (is) n

• Italian: paradigma (it) m
• Japanese: 模範 (ja) (もはん, mohan)
• Macedonian: парадигма (mk) (paradígma) f
• Polish: paradygmat (pl) m
• Portuguese: paradigma (pt) m
• Russian: парадигма (ru) (paradígma) f, образец (ru) (obrazéc) m, пример (ru) (primér) m
• Spanish: paradigma (es)
• Turkish: paradigma (tr)

linguistics: all forms which contain a common element

• Catalan: paradigma (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Czech: vzor (cs) m
• Dutch: paradigma (nl) n
• Finnish: paradigma (fi), muotosarja
• French: paradigme (fr) m
• German: Paradigma (de) n
• Greek: παράδειγμα (el) (parádigma) n
• Icelandic: beygingardæmi (is) n

• Italian: paradigma (it)
• Japanese: 変化表 (ja) (へんかひょう, henkahyō)
• Norwegian: paradigme (no) n
• Polish: paradygmat (pl) m
• Portuguese: paradigma (pt) m
• Russian: парадигма (ru) (paradígma) f
• Slovak: vzor (sk) m
• Spanish: paradigma (es)
• Turkish: paradigma (tr)

way of viewing reality

• Catalan: paradigma (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Czech: paradigma (cs) f
• Dutch: paradigma (nl) n, denkkader (nl) n
• Finnish: paradigma (fi), maailmankatsomus (fi)
• French: paradigme (fr) m
• German: Paradigma (de) n
• Icelandic: hugarfar (is) n

• Italian: paradigma (it) m
• Macedonian: парадигма (mk) (paradígma) f
• Norwegian: paradigme (no) n
• Polish: paradygmat (pl) m
• Portuguese: paradigma (pt) m
• Russian: парадигма (ru) (paradígma) f
• Spanish: paradigma (es)
• Turkish: paradigma (tr)

conceptual framework

• Dutch: paradigma (nl) n, denkkader (nl) n
• Italian: paradigma (it) m

• Norwegian: paradigme (no) n

prejudice

• Dutch: vooroordeel (nl) n
• French: préjudice (fr)

• Spanish: prejuicio (es) m

philosophy consisting of ‘top-bottom’ ideas

• German: Paradigma (de) n
• Italian: paradigma (it) m

• Turkish: paradigma (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

• Slovak: paradigma (sk) f (ideology)

• Spanish: paradigma (es) m

References

• “paradigm” in The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000.
• “paradigm” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, v1.0.1, Lexico Publishing Group, 2006.
• "paradigm" in WordNet 3.0, Princeton University, 2006.