praecido

Latin

Etymology

From prae- +‎ caedō (“cut; strike”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /prae̯ˈkiː.doː/, [präe̯ˈkiːd̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /preˈt͡ʃi.do/, [preˈt͡ʃiːd̪o]

Verb

praecīdō (present infinitive praecīdere, perfect active praecīdī, supine praecīsum); third conjugation

1. to cut off in front or through; shorten; sever, separate
   • c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 1:

     Et ideō ego adulēscentulōs existimō in scholīs stultissimōs fierī, quia nihil ex hīs, quae in ūsū habēmus, aut audiunt aut vident, sed pirātās cum catēnīs in lītore stantēs, sed tyrannōs ēdicta scrībentēs, quibus imperent fīliīs ut patrum suōrum capita praecīdant, sed respōnsa in pestilentiam data, ut virginēs trēs aut plūrēs immolentur, sed mellītōs verbōrum globulōs et omnia dicta factaque quasi papāvere et sēsamō sparsa.

     And this is why I consider that teens become most stupid in schools, because they neither hear nor see anything of those that we have in use, but pirates with chains standing on the shore, but tyrants writing edicts, by which they order that sons cut off the heads of their fathers, but oracles given in plagues, that three or more maidens be immolated, but balls of honeyed words and all that's said and done as if besprinkled with poppy and sesame seeds.

2. to beat to pieces, batter, smash
3. (nautical) to cut off or across, avoid, sail straight
4. (of discourse) to cut short, abridge; to be brief; break off or finish abruptly
   • 45 BCE, Cicero, Academica 2.43.133:

     'Praecide,' inquit, 'statue aliquandō quidlibet!'

     'Cut it short,' he says, 'decide something at once!'

5. to break off, cut off, end, destroy
6. to deny flatly, refuse, decline
   • 68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 8.4.2:

     Numquam reor cuiquam tam humilī, tam sordidō, tam nocentī, tam aliēnō tam praecīsē negāvī quam hic mihi plānē sine ūllā exceptiōne praecīdit. Nihil cognōvī ingrātius; in quō vitiō nihil malī nōn inest. Sed dē hōc nimis multa.

     Never do I think I have so absolutely refused someone, no matter how lowly, how dirty, how wicked, how unknown to me as this one denied me plainly without any exception. I have experienced nothing more ungrateful; in which vice nothing of vileness is not. But enough of this.

Conjugation

Conjugation of praecīdō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	praecīdō	praecīdis	praecīdit	praecīdimus	praecīditis	praecīdunt
	imperfect	praecīdēbam	praecīdēbās	praecīdēbat	praecīdēbāmus	praecīdēbātis	praecīdēbant
	future	praecīdam	praecīdēs	praecīdet	praecīdēmus	praecīdētis	praecīdent
	perfect	praecīdī	praecīdistī	praecīdit	praecīdimus	praecīdistis	praecīdērunt, praecīdēre
	pluperfect	praecīderam	praecīderās	praecīderat	praecīderāmus	praecīderātis	praecīderant
	future perfect	praecīderō	praecīderis	praecīderit	praecīderimus	praecīderitis	praecīderint
passive	present	praecīdor	praecīderis, praecīdere	praecīditur	praecīdimur	praecīdiminī	praecīduntur
	imperfect	praecīdēbar	praecīdēbāris, praecīdēbāre	praecīdēbātur	praecīdēbāmur	praecīdēbāminī	praecīdēbantur
	future	praecīdar	praecīdēris, praecīdēre	praecīdētur	praecīdēmur	praecīdēminī	praecīdentur
	perfect	praecīsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	praecīsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	praecīsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	praecīdam	praecīdās	praecīdat	praecīdāmus	praecīdātis	praecīdant
	imperfect	praecīderem	praecīderēs	praecīderet	praecīderēmus	praecīderētis	praecīderent
	perfect	praecīderim	praecīderīs	praecīderit	praecīderīmus	praecīderītis	praecīderint
	pluperfect	praecīdissem	praecīdissēs	praecīdisset	praecīdissēmus	praecīdissētis	praecīdissent
passive	present	praecīdar	praecīdāris, praecīdāre	praecīdātur	praecīdāmur	praecīdāminī	praecīdantur
	imperfect	praecīderer	praecīderēris, praecīderēre	praecīderētur	praecīderēmur	praecīderēminī	praecīderentur
	perfect	praecīsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	praecīsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	praecīde	—	—	praecīdite	—
	future	—	praecīditō	praecīditō	—	praecīditōte	praecīduntō
passive	present	—	praecīdere	—	—	praecīdiminī	—
	future	—	praecīditor	praecīditor	—	—	praecīduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		praecīdere	praecīdisse	praecīsūrum esse	praecīdī	praecīsum esse	praecīsum īrī
participles		praecīdēns	—	praecīsūrus	—	praecīsus	praecīdendus, praecīdundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		praecīdendī	praecīdendō	praecīdendum	praecīdendō	praecīsum	praecīsū

Derived terms

• compraecīdō
• praecīdāneus
• praecīsē
• praecīsiō
• praecīsum
• praecīsūra
• praecīsus

Related terms

• abscīdō
• accīdō
• caedō
• circumcīdō
• concīdō
• dēcīdō
• discīdō
• excīdō
• incīdō
• intercīdō
• occīdō
• percīdō
• procīdō
• recīdō
• succīdō
• trānscīdō

Descendants

• Italian: precidere

References

• “praecido”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “praecido”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• praecido in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.