係
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See also: 系
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Translingual
[edit]Japanese | 係 |
---|---|
Simplified | 系 |
Traditional | 係 |
Han character
[edit]係 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人竹女火 (OHVF), four-corner 22293, composition ⿰亻系)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 104, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 663
- Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 164, character 8
- Unihan data for U+4FC2
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 係 | |
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simp. | 系* |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 係 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *keːɡs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 系 (OC *ɡeːɡs).
The simplified form 系 also exists as a traditional character, and is also used to simplify 繫. In ancient times, 系, 係, and 繫 were usually interchangeable graphic variants, although in some compounds, only one form is acceptable (e.g. 世系 and 繋辭/繋辞).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sì
- Wade–Giles: hsi4
- Yale: syì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
- Palladius: си (si)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hai6
- Yale: haih
- Cantonese Pinyin: hai6
- Guangdong Romanization: hei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐi̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hai5
- Sinological IPA (key): /hai³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: he
- Hakka Romanization System: he
- Hagfa Pinyim: he4
- Sinological IPA: /he⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: kejH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤek-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*keːɡs/
Definitions
[edit]係
- to relate; to bear on
- to tie; to bind
- (formal or Cantonese, Hakka) to be (copula)
- (Cantonese, Hakka) yes (as answer to a question)
Usage notes
[edit]- (Cantonese) Not to be confused with 喺 (hai2).
- (Cantonese, Hakka) 係/系 is used in vernacular contexts, while 是 (shì) is used in literary or formal contexts.
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 人際關係/人际关系 (rénjìguānxì)
- 係數/系数 (xìshù)
- 係爭/系争
- 係爭物/系争物
- 係獲/系获
- 係累/系累
- 係臂/系臂
- 係踵/系踵
- 係蹄/系蹄
- 係頸/系颈
- 係頸闕庭/系颈阙庭
- 係風捕景/系风捕景
- 兩性關係/两性关系 (liǎngxìng guānxì)
- 公共關係/公共关系
- 利害關係/利害关系
- 初級關係/初级关系
- 勞資關係/劳资关系 (láozī guānxi)
- 因果關係/因果关系 (yīnguǒ guānxì)
- 國際關係/国际关系 (guójì guānxì)
- 外交關係/外交关系 (wàijiāo guānxì)
- 夫妻關係/夫妻关系
- 安全係數/安全系数 (ānquán xìshù)
- 干係 (gānxì)
- 并列關係/并列关系
- 拉關係/拉关系
- 接關係/接关系
- 擔干係/担干系
- 數字係數/数字系数
- 楊氏係數/杨氏系数
- 水面係數/水面系数
- 沒關係/没关系
- 相關係數/相关系数
- 社會關係/社会关系
- 群眾關係/群众关系
- 膨脹係數/膨胀系数
- 裙帶關係/裙带关系 (qúndài guānxì)
- 親子關係/亲子关系
- 貝他係數/贝他系数
- 連帶關係/连带关系
- 關係/关系
- 關係人/关系人
- 關係企業/关系企业 (guānxì qǐyè)
- 關係命題/关系命题
- 關係戶/关系户
- 關係詞/关系词
- 關係調/关系调
- 關係運算/关系运算
- 零係數/零系数
Descendants
[edit]- → Vietnamese: hễ
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]係
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: げ (ge)
- Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
- Kun: かかる (kakaru, 係る, Jōyō); かかり (kakari, 係, Jōyō); かかわる (kakawaru, 係わる); つながり (tsunagari)
Compounds
[edit]Noun
[edit]- person in charge; person responsible
Alternative forms
[edit]- 掛かり (かかり, kakari)
Suffix
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- (in titles of public office) 掛 (-gakari)
Descendants
[edit]- → Indonesian: gakari
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- hanja form? of 계 (“connection”)
Compounds
[edit]- 관계 (關係, gwan'gye, “relationship”)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]係: Hán Nôm readings: hệ, hể, hề, hễ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
References
[edit]Categories:
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading つながり
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