單于
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See also: 单于
Chinese[edit]
phonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (單于) | 單 | 于 | |
simp. (单于) | 单 | 于 |
Etymology[edit]
Earliest extant attestations of this title (reconstructed as *darƣʷa) are in Chinese language inscriptions found in ruins of Xiongnu's capital 龍城/龙城 (Lóngchéng), in modern Mongolia.[1]
Cognate with Mongolian ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ (darug-a) / дарга (darga, “chief; head; governor”), Persian داروغه (dâruğe, “governor”), Old Turkic 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (tarqan, “commander”).
Related to 答剌罕 (“tarkhan”), 達魯噶/达鲁噶 (“darugha”), 達魯花赤/达鲁花赤 (“darughachi”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sim4 jyu4 / sin4 jyu4
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siân-û / siân-u / siân-î
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chányú
- Wade–Giles: chʻan2-yü2
- Yale: chán-yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charnyu
- Palladius: чаньюй (čanʹjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sim4 jyu4 / sin4 jyu4
- Yale: sìhm yùh / sìhn yùh
- Cantonese Pinyin: sim4 jy4 / sin4 jy4
- Guangdong Romanization: xim4 yu4 / xin4 yu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːm²¹ jyː²¹/, /siːn²¹ jyː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siân-û
- Tâi-lô: siân-û
- Phofsit Daibuun: sien'uu
- IPA (Xiamen): /siɛn²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siân-u
- Tâi-lô: siân-u
- Phofsit Daibuun: sien'w
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn²⁴⁻²² u³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siân-î
- Tâi-lô: siân-î
- Phofsit Daibuun: sien'ii
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn¹³⁻²² i¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Middle Chinese: dzyen hju
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*dar ɦʷa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*djan ɢʷa/
Noun[edit]
單于
- Chanyu (chief of the Xiongnu)
- 於是匈奴貴人大臣皆服,以冒頓單于為賢。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Yúshì Xiōngnú guìrén dàchén jiē fú, yǐ Mòdùn chányú wéi xián. [Pinyin]
- Therefore, all Xiongnu nobles and high officials were won over and considered Modun chanyu to be worthy.
于是匈奴贵人大臣皆服,以冒顿单于为贤。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Proper noun[edit]
單于
References[edit]
- ^ Vovin, A. (2020). “Two Newly Found Xiōng-nú Inscriptions and Their Significance for the Early Linguistic History of Central Asia”, International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics, 2(2), 315-322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/25898833-12340036
Japanese[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
單 | 于 |
ぜん Jinmeiyō |
う Hyōgaiji |
goon | on’yomi |
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
單 | 于 |
せん Jinmeiyō |
う Hyōgaiji |
kan’on | on’yomi |
Noun[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
單 | 于 |
Noun[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
單 | 于 |
Noun[edit]
單于
Categories:
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese surnames
- Japanese terms spelled with 單
- Japanese terms spelled with 于
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji
- Japanese terms written with two Han script characters
- Japanese kyūjitai spellings
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
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