急ぐ

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Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
いそ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.[1] Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *isonku. Appears to be root iso ("earnest? industrious?") + verb-forming suffix -gu of uncertain meaning. Cognate with archaic adjective 勤し (isoshi, diligent, industrious, hard-working) and modern verb 勤しむ (isoshimu, to work diligently, industriously),[1] may also be related to adverb いそいそ (isoiso, cheerfully, unreservedly), verb 勇む (isamu, to be in high spirits, to be encouraged).

First attested as noun form isogi ("hurrying, rushing") in the Man'yōshū of 759.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「急ぐ
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
急ぐ [ìsóꜜgù]
Imperative (命令形) 急げ [ìsóꜜgè]
Key constructions
Passive 急がれる そがれ [ìsógáréꜜrù]
Causative 急がせる そがせ [ìsógáséꜜrù]
Potential 急げる そげ [ìsógéꜜrù]
Volitional 急ごう そご [ìsógóꜜò]
Negative 急がない そがない [ìsógáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 急がなかった そがなかった [ìsógáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 急ぎます そぎま [ìsógímáꜜsù]
Perfective 急いだ いだ [ìsóꜜìdà]
Conjunctive 急いで いで [ìsóꜜìdè]
Hypothetical conditional 急げば げば [ìsóꜜgèbà]

Verb

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(いそ) (isoguintransitive godan (stem (いそ) (isogi), past (いそ)いだ (isoida))

  1. [from late 800s] to hurry, to hasten, to rush, in order to get something done or to get somewhere
    (いそ)いで(かた)()ける
    isoide katazukeru
    to clean up in a rush

(いそ) (isogutransitive godan (stem (いそ) (isogi), past (いそ)いだ (isoida))

  1. [from late 900s] to prepare or expedite something
Conjugation
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Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
また
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
速ぐ

From Old Japanese.[1] Further derivation unknown.

First attested in a piece of 催馬楽 (saibara, court music) dated to the late 600s, early 700s.[1]

Homophonic verb 跨ぐ (matagu, to straddle, to step across) is likely a derivation of this verb, possibly from the idea of striding, i.e. walking quickly.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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(また) (mataguintransitive yodan

  1. [roughly 700s–???] (obsolete) to be in a hurry, to be hasty
  2. [roughly 700s–???] (obsolete) to be impatient
Conjugation
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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN