拄

拄 U+62C4, 拄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62C4 ← 拃 [U+62C3] CJK Unified Ideographs 担 → [U+62C5]

Translingual

Han character

拄 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手卜土 (QYG), four-corner 5001₄, composition ⿰扌主)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 424, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11940
• Dae Jaweon: page 772, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1857, character 1
• Unihan data for U+62C4

Chinese

simp. and trad.		拄
alternative forms		抵 Hokkien 遇 Hokkien “meet” 適／适 Hokkien “just”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (主) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
飳	*tʰoːʔ
妵	*tʰoːʔ
黈	*tʰoːʔ
蘣	*tʰoːʔ
罜	*doːɡ, *tjos
拄	*toʔ
柱	*toʔ, *doʔ
駐	*tos
註	*tos, *tjos
鉒	*tos
軴	*tos
住	*tos, *dos
跓	*doʔ
嵀	*doʔ
主	*tjoʔ
麈	*tjoʔ
宔	*tjoʔ
炷	*tjoʔ, *tjos
注	*tjos
疰	*tjos
蛀	*tjos
霔	*tjos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duːŋ (“post; column”). Cognate with 柱 (OC *toʔ, *doʔ, “post; column”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǔ (zhu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu²

• Eastern Min (BUC): diū
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zu² / zu⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chu³
    • Yale: jǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juu
    • Palladius: чжу (čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zyu²
    • Yale: jyú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzy²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ju²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syː³⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: diū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tú
    • Tâi-lô: tú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: duo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tu⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tu⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tu⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zu² / zu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsú / tsŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su⁵²/, /t͡su³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: trjuX

Rime
Character	拄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	知庾切
Baxter	trjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨoX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈioX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶioX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuə̆X/
Li Rong	/ȶioX/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>oʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*toʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	拄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuX ›
Old Chinese	/*t<r>oʔ/
English	prop up, support (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拄
Reading #	1/1
No.	17607
Phonetic component	主
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	拄
Old Chinese	/*toʔ/

Definitions

拄

1. to prop; to support
2. to lean on; to be propped up (with a stick, etc.)
3. (archaic) to open (one's eyes)
4. (literary or Hokkien, Eastern Min) to ridicule; to retort; to talk back
5. (archaic or Eastern Min) to prod; to poke
6. (literary) to block; to plug
7. (Hokkien) to equal; to be able to exchange one for another
8. (Hokkien) to cancel out
9. (Hokkien) to meet; to encounter
10. (Hokkien) just; just now; a moment ago
11. (Quanzhou Hokkien) to give change

Synonyms

• (to prop): 支撐／支撑 (zhīchēng)
• (encounter):

Dialectal synonyms of 遇 (“to encounter”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		遇, 碰, 遭
Mandarin	Taiwan	遇, 碰
	Malaysia	遇, 碰
	Singapore	遇, 碰
Cantonese	Guangzhou	遇, 撞
	Hong Kong	遇, 撞
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	遇, 撞
	Singapore (Guangfu)	遇
Hakka	Meixian	遇, 撞
Southern Min	Xiamen	拄, 撞, 衝, 磅
	Quanzhou	拄, 撞, 衝
	Zhangzhou	拄, 衝
	Tainan	拄, 撞, 磅
	Penang (Hokkien)	拄
	Singapore (Hokkien)	拄
	Manila (Hokkien)	拄, 遇
	Chaozhou	遇, 堵
	Shantou	遇
	Jieyang	遇, 堵
	Singapore (Teochew)	堵
Wu	Shanghai	碰

• (just now):

• 今仔 (Hokkien)
• 剛剛／刚刚 (gānggāng)
• 剛才／刚才 (gāngcái)
• 方才 (fāngcái)
• 暫／暂 (zàn) (literary)
• 站仔 (Hokkien)
• 適才／适才 (shìcái)

 

• (to give change): 找 (zhǎo)

Compounds

• 十巴拄 (si̍p-pa-tú)
• 小拄
• 拄喙
• 拄好 (tú-hó)
• 拄才 (tú-chiah)
• 拄拐 (zhǔguǎi)
• 拄拄 (tú-tú)
• 拄撐／拄撑
• 拄杖 (zhǔzhàng)
• 拄牆／拄墙
• 拄笏
• 拄笏看山
• 拄笏西山
• 拄著／拄着 (tú-tio̍h)
• 拄頤／拄颐
• 拄頰／拄颊
• 拄頰看山／拄颊看山
• 搘拄
• 撑天拄地
• 撐天拄地／撑天拄地
• 撐拄／撑拄
• 撑拄
• 撐腸拄肚／撑肠拄肚
• 撐腸拄腹／撑肠拄腹
• 支拄
• 枝拄
• 觝拄／抵拄
• 通天拄杖
• 過頭拄杖／过头拄杖

 

References

• “Entry #3963”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

拄

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): ちゅ (chu)
• Kun: あげる (ageru, 拄げる)

Korean

Hanja

拄 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)

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Vietnamese

Han character

拄: Hán Nôm readings: chủ, trụ, chỏ, chõ

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