草木

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	tree; wood
trad. (草木)		草	木
simp. #(草木)		草	木

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cǎomù

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄇㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² muk⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhó-muk
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chháu-ba̍k / chháu-bo̍k / chhó͘-bo̍k / chhó-bo̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cǎomù
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄇㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǎomù
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-mu⁴
    • Yale: tsǎu-mù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaomuh
    • Palladius: цаому (caomu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cou² muk⁶
    • Yale: chóu muhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² muk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cou² mug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ mʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-muk
    • Hakka Romanization System: co` mug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: co³ mug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ muk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-ba̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tsháu-ba̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'bak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bak̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bak̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bak̚⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bak̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-bo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tsháu-bo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'bok
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó͘-bo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tshóo-bo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhofbok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-bo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tshó-bo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoy'bok
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tshawX muwk

Rime
Character	草	木
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	東 (3)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	采老切	莫卜切
Baxter	tshawX	muwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/muk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/muk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/muk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰawX/	/məwk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/muk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/muk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/muk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎo	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cou2	muk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤuʔ  C.mˤok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːʔ  moːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	草	木
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cǎo	mù
Middle Chinese	‹ tshawX ›	‹ muwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁuʔ/	/*C.mˁok/
English	grass, plants	tree, wood
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	草	木
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	16547	9327
Phonetic component	早	木
Rime group	幽	屋
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	草	木
Old Chinese	/*sʰuːʔ/	/*moːɡ/
Notes	說文作艸

Noun

草木

1. vegetation; plants; greenery; flora

   • 天地變化，草木蕃。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天地变化，草木蕃。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

     Tiāndì biànhuà, cǎomù fán. [Pinyin]

     Heaven and Earth change and transform, flora flourish

Synonyms

• 株 (zhū)
• 植 (zhí) (literary, or in compounds)
• 植株 (zhízhū)
• 植物 (zhíwù)
• 植被 (zhíbèi)
• 歲物／岁物 (suìwù) (literary)
• 綠色植物／绿色植物 (lǜsè zhíwù)
• 花卉 (huāhuì)
• 花草 (huācǎo)

 

Derived terms

• 人非草木，誰能無情／人非草木，谁能无情
• 玉在山而草木潤／玉在山而草木润
• 草木樨 (cǎomùxī)
• 草木灰 (cǎomùhuī)
• 草木皆兵 (cǎomùjiēbīng)
• 草木知威
• 草木驚心／草木惊心

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (草木):

• → Japanese: 草木(そうもく) (sōmoku)
• → Korean: 초목(草木) (chomok)
• → Vietnamese: thảo mộc (草木)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
草	木
くさ Grade: 1	き Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
草	木
そう Grade: 1	もく Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) くさ​き [kùsáꜜkì] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟̊ᵝsa̠kʲi]

• (Tokyo) そーもく [sòómókú] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) そ​ーもく [sóꜜòmòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [so̞ːmo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

草(くさ)木(き) or 草(そう)木(もく) • (kusaki or sōmoku) 

1. vegetation; plants

Related terms

• 草(くさ)花(ばな) (kusabana)