足下

Chinese[edit]

		foot	under
simp. and trad. (足下)		足	下

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zúxià

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk¹ haa⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiok-hā

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zúxià
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zúsià
  - Wade–Giles: tsu²-hsia⁴
  - Yale: dzú-syà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzwushiah
  - Palladius: цзуся (czusja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zuk¹ haa⁶
  - Yale: jūk hah
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁷ haa⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zug¹ ha⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚⁵ haː²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiok-hā
  - Tâi-lô: tsiok-hā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciokha
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ha⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ha²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/

Middle Chinese: tsjowk haeX

Rime
Character	足	下
Reading #	2/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	鍾 (8)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	即玉切	胡雅切
Baxter	tsjowk	haeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨok̚/	/ɦˠa^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siok̚/	/ɦᵚa^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siok̚/	/ɣa^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡suawk̚/	/ɦaɨ^X/
Li Rong	/t͡siok̚/	/ɣa^X/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭwok̚/	/ɣa^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯wok̚/	/ɣa^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zu	xià
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zuk¹	haa⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ok ɡˤraʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsoɡ ɡraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	足	下
Reading #	3/3	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zú	xià
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjowk ›	‹ hæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ok/	/*ɡˁraʔ/
English	foot	down
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	足	下
Reading #	2/2	1/2
No.	17925	13445
Phonetic component	足	下
Rime group	屋	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	足	下
Old Chinese	/*ʔsoɡ/	/*ɡraːʔ/

Noun[edit]

足下

(literal) underfoot

Synonyms[edit]

腳下／脚下 (jiǎoxià)

Pronoun[edit]

足下

(literary, polite) you

Usage notes[edit]

Used in instances where a subordinate is addressing a senior or when someone addresses a person of the same rank. Used mostly in letters.

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
足	下
あし Grade: 1	もと Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
足元足許

Compound of 足 (ashi, “foot, feet”) +‎ 元 (moto, “base; foundation; origin”). Note that the moto portion can be spelled variously as 元, 下, or 許.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) あしもと [àshímóꜜtò] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]
IPA^(key): [a̠ɕimo̞to̞]

Noun[edit]

足(あし)下(もと) • (ashimoto)

at one's feet, underfoot, the ground
地震(じしん)で足下(あしもと)が揺(ゆ)れた。
Jishin de ashimoto ga yureta.
The ground underfoot shook from the earthquake.
- 1999 September 23, “泥(どろ)に潜(ひそ)み棲(す)むもの”, in Vol.5, Konami:
  
  足(あし)下(もと)がドロドロと溶(と)けだしたら、こいつが現(あらわ)れる前(ぜん)兆(ちょう)だ。
  Ashimoto ga dorodoro to tokedashitara, koitsu ga arawareru zenchō da.
  When the ground starts dissolving into mud, it means that that thing is emerging as we speak.
the bottom of the foot
a foothold, one's footing
この事業(じぎょう)では、足下(あしもと)を固(かた)めてから、やっと発動(はつどう)できるようになります。
Kono jigyō de wa, ashimoto o katamete kara, yatto hatsudō dekiru yō ni narimasu.
We will finally be able to get moving once we have established a firm footing on this project.
gait, pace, step
someone's surroundings, the nearby
recent events
足下(あしもと)の業績(ぎょうせき)は好調(こうちょう)に推移(すいい)している。
Ashimoto no gyōseki wa kōchō ni suii shite iru.
Recent earnings have been trending favourably.
a post in the structure of a house: a vertical support running from the foundation to the roof joist
(theater) hakama, trousers, leg coverings in general
(theater) footlights in the backstage area to illuminate walkways
during the rice harvest, any grain that falls at one's feet
a fin, as of a fish, a seal, or similar marine animal

Synonyms[edit]

Synonyms

(the ground): 地面(じめん) (jimen)
(where one stands): 立場(たちば) (tachiba)
(foothold, footing): 足場(あしば) (ashiba)
(gait, how one walks): 歩(ある)き方(かた) (arukikata)
(step, how one places their feet): 足付(あしつ)き (ashitsuki)
(recent events): 最近(さいきん) (saikin) (more immediate), 近頃(ちかごろ) (chikagoro) (less formal)
(structural post): 柱(はしら) (hashira), 通(とお)し柱(ばしら) (tōshibashira)
(leg coverings in general): 履物(はきもの) (hakimono)
(fin): 鰭(ひれ) (hire)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
足	下
あ Grade: 1	もと Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
足元

Compound of 足 (a, “foot, feet”, older combining form of modern ashi) +‎ 元 (moto, “base; foundation; origin”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [a̠mo̞to̞]

Noun[edit]

足(あ)下(もと) • (amoto)

(archaic) at one's feet, underfoot
(archaic) one's family and status, where one stands in the world

Idioms[edit]

Idioms

足下正(あもとただ)し (amoto tadashi, “to be of proper breeding, to have a solid pedigree”)
千里(せんり)の行(こう)も足下(そっか)に始(はじ)まる (senri no kō mo sokka ni hajimaru, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”)

Synonyms[edit]

Synonyms

(family status): 家柄(いえがら) (iegara)
(personal status, identity): 身分(みぶん) (mibun)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
足	下
そく > そっ Grade: 1	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 足下 (tsjowk hæ^X, literally “foot + down, beneath”). Compare modern Cantonese reading zuk¹ haa⁶.

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) そっか [sóꜜkkà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [so̞k̚ka̠]

Noun[edit]

足(そっ)下(か) • (sokka)

at one's feet, underfoot
an epithet used in written correspondence to show respect to the addressee
a pair of high clogs, worn in rainy weather

Synonyms[edit]

Synonyms

(rain clogs): 足駄(あしだ) (ashida)

Pronoun[edit]

足(そっ)下(か) • (sokka)

(formal, archaic) second-person pronoun: you
Used to refer to someone of similar or lower status than the speaker. From the sense of being nearby in status.

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

足下

Contents

Chinese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Idioms[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

References[edit]

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足下

Chinese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Idioms[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

References[edit]

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