οὐρανός

See also: ουρανός, Ουρανός, and Οὐρανός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ὄρανος ‎(óranos) (Aeolic)
• ὠρανός ‎(ōranós) (Doric, Boeotian)

Etymology

Probably from an older *ϝορσανός ‎(*worsanós), which may be related to οὑρέω ‎(houréō, “to urinate”), from *h₁u̯orsei̯e-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁u̯ers- (“rain”) (compare Sanskrit वर्षति ‎(varṣati, “it rains”).

A folk etymology advanced by Aristotle interpreted it as ὅρος ‎(hóros, “limit”) and ἄνω ‎(ánō, “up”).

Pronunciation

• (5th BC Attic): IPA: /o͜oranós/

• (1st BC Egyptian): IPA: /uːranós/

• (4th AD Koine): IPA: /uranós/

• (10th AD Byzantine): IPA: /uranós/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan): IPA: /uɾanós/

Noun

οὐρανός • ‎(ouranós) m ‎(genitive οὐρανοῦ); second declension

1. the vaulted sky, on which the stars were attached and the sun traveled: sky, heaven
2. the region above this vault, the home of the gods
3. (philosophy) the universe
4. anything shaped like the sky: vaulted ceiling, tent

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ οὐρανός; τοῦ οὐρανοῦ

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ οὐρανός	τὼ οὐρανώ	οἱ οὐρανοί
Genitive	τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	τοῖν οὐρανοῖν	τῶν οὐρανῶν
Dative	τῷ οὐρανῷ	τοῖν οὐρανοῖν	τοῖς οὐρανοῖς
Accusative	τὸν οὐρανόν	τὼ οὐρανώ	τοὺς οὐρανούς
Vocative	οὐρανέ	οὐρανώ	οὐρανοί
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Classical authors did not use the plural forms, which are not seen until later Greek, especially in Christian writings such as the New Testament.

Derived terms

• Οὐρανός ‎(Ouranós)
• Οὐρανία ‎(Ouranía)

Descendants

• Greek: ουρανός ‎(ouranós)

References

• οὐρανός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• οὐρανός in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• οὐρανός in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• «οὐρανός» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• «οὐρανός» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• οὐρανός in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• “G3772”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
• «οὐρανός» in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th-12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • air idem, page 21.
  • firmament idem, page 322.
  • heaven idem, page 393.
  • palate idem, page 589.
  • sky idem, page 781.
  • Uranus idem, page 1029.
  • weather idem, page 971.
  • welkin idem, page 973.