οὐρανός
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Ancient Greek
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/FlammarionWoodcut.jpg/220px-FlammarionWoodcut.jpg)
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of disputed origin, with multiple theories proposed:[1]
- Perhaps from an older *(ϝ)ορσανός (*(w)orsanós), which may be related to Proto-Indo-European *h₁worseye-, from *h₁wers- (“rain”) (compare Sanskrit वर्षति (varṣati, “it rains”). Beekes appears to favor this derivation.
- From Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to rise, protrude”), and compared to Lithuanian viršùs (“top, upper”), Sanskrit वर्ष्मन् (varṣman, “height, top”). This is not favored by Beekes.
- From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wer- (“broad”), and compared with Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa, “sea god”) and अर्णव (arṇava, “ocean”). This is categorically rejected by Beekes.
- Based on the infix -αν- (-an-), which is difficult to explain as an old Indo-European formation, perhaps Pre-Greek; however, as the sky was very important to Indo-European groups, it is unlikely that a non-Indo-European formation for "sky" would become the dominant word in an Indo-European language.
A folk etymology advanced by Aristotle interpreted it as ὅρος (hóros, “limit”) and ἄνω (ánō, “up”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /uː.ra.nós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /u.raˈnos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /u.raˈnos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /u.raˈnos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /u.raˈnos/
Noun
[edit]οὐρᾰνός • (ouranós) m (genitive οὐρᾰνοῦ); second declension
- the vaulted sky, on which the stars were attached and the sun traveled: sky, heaven
- the region above this vault, the home of the gods
- (philosophy) the universe
- anything shaped like the sky: vaulted ceiling, tent
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ οὐρᾰνός ho ouranós |
τὼ οὐρᾰνώ tṑ ouranṓ |
οἱ οὐρᾰνοί hoi ouranoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ οὐρᾰνοῦ toû ouranoû |
τοῖν οὐρᾰνοῖν toîn ouranoîn |
τῶν οὐρᾰνῶν tôn ouranôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ οὐρᾰνῷ tôi ouranôi |
τοῖν οὐρᾰνοῖν toîn ouranoîn |
τοῖς οὐρᾰνοῖς toîs ouranoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν οὐρᾰνόν tòn ouranón |
τὼ οὐρᾰνώ tṑ ouranṓ |
τοὺς οὐρᾰνούς toùs ouranoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | οὐρᾰνέ ourané |
οὐρᾰνώ ouranṓ |
οὐρᾰνοί ouranoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- Οὐρανία (Ouranía)
- οὐράνιος (ouránios)
- οὐρᾰνῐ́σκος (ouranískos)
- Οὐρανίωνες (Ouraníōnes)
- οὐρανόθεν (ouranóthen)
- οὐρανόθι (ouranóthi)
- Οὐρανός (Ouranós)
- οὐρανοσκόπος (ouranoskópos)
- οὐρᾰνοῦχος (ouranoûkhos)
- οὐρανόφι (ouranóphi)
- οὐρανόω (ouranóō)
- ὑπερουρᾰ́νῐος (huperouránios)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “οὐρανός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1128
Further reading
[edit]- “οὐρανός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “οὐρανός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “οὐρανός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- οὐρανός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- οὐρανός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “οὐρανός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3772 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- οὐρανός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms borrowed from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- grc:Philosophy