σίνομαι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• σίνεομαι (síneomai)
• σίννομαι (sínnomai) — Aeolic

Etymology

If it is of Indo-European origin, the verb must contain a presential -ν-, just as κλίνω (klínō) and κρίνω (krínō), which spread not only to the aorist forms, but also to nominal derivatives, like σίνος (sínos) and σίντης (síntēs), which is more problematic. Assuming a pre-form *τϝι-ν-ιε/ο-, the verb has been connected with Old English þwīnan (“to become weak, disappear”), but this should rather be derived from the root *dʰwēy- (“to slip away; dwindle; die; death”), together with dwīnan (“to waste away, languish, decline”). Further etymology unclear.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sǐː.no.mai̯/ → /ˈsi.no.mɛ/ → /ˈsi.no.me/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sǐː.no.mai̯/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.no.mɛ/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.no.mɛ/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.no.me/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.no.me/

Verb

σῑ́νομαι • (sī́nomai)

1. to harm, hurt, damage

   Synonym: βλᾰ́πτω (bláptō)

2. (in general) to injure
3. to plunder, pillage, waste

   Synonyms: πορθέω (porthéō), σκῡλεύω (skūleúō), σῡλᾰ́ω (sūláō)

Inflection

   Present: σῑ́νομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	σῑ́νομαι	σῑ́νῃ, σῑ́νει	σῑ́νεται	σῑ́νεσθον	σῑ́νεσθον	σῑνόμεθᾰ	σῑ́νεσθε	σῑ́νονται
	subjunctive	σῑ́νωμαι	σῑ́νῃ	σῑ́νηται	σῑ́νησθον	σῑ́νησθον	σῑνώμεθᾰ	σῑ́νησθε	σῑ́νωνται
	optative	σῑνοίμην	σῑ́νοιο	σῑ́νοιτο	σῑ́νοισθον	σῑνοίσθην	σῑνοίμεθᾰ	σῑ́νοισθε	σῑ́νοιντο
	imperative		σῑ́νου	σῑνέσθω	σῑ́νεσθον	σῑνέσθων		σῑ́νεσθε	σῑνέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						σῑ́νεσθαι
participle	m					σῑνόμενος
	f					σῑνομένη
	n					σῑνόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐσῑνόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐσῑνόμην	ἐσῑ́νου	ἐσῑ́νετο	ἐσῑ́νεσθον	ἐσῑνέσθην	ἐσῑνόμεθᾰ	ἐσῑ́νεσθε	ἐσῑ́νοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: σῑνήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	σῑνήσομαι	σῑνήσῃ, σῑνήσει	σῑνήσεται	σῑνήσεσθον	σῑνήσεσθον	σῑνησόμεθᾰ	σῑνήσεσθε	σῑνήσονται
	optative	σῑνησοίμην	σῑνήσοιο	σῑνήσοιτο	σῑνήσοισθον	σῑνησοίσθην	σῑνησοίμεθᾰ	σῑνήσοισθε	σῑνήσοιντο
					middle
infinitive					σῑνήσεσθαι
participle	m				σῑνησόμενος
	f				σῑνησομένη
	n				σῑνησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἔσῑνᾰ, ἐσῑνᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔσῑνᾰ	ἔσῑνᾰς	ἔσῑνε(ν)	ἐσῑ́νᾰτον	ἐσῑνᾰ́την	ἐσῑ́νᾰμεν	ἐσῑ́νᾰτε	ἔσῑνᾰν
	subjunctive	σῑ́νω	σῑ́νῃς	σῑ́νῃ	σῑ́νητον	σῑ́νητον	σῑ́νωμεν	σῑ́νητε	σῑ́νωσῐ(ν)
	optative	σῑ́ναιμῐ	σῑ́νειᾰς, σῑ́ναις	σῑ́νειε(ν), σῑ́ναι	σῑ́ναιτον	σῑναίτην	σῑ́ναιμεν	σῑ́ναιτε	σῑ́νειᾰν, σῑ́ναιεν
	imperative		σῖνον	σῑνᾰ́τω	σῑ́νᾰτον	σῑνᾰ́των		σῑ́νᾰτε	σῑνᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐσῑνᾰ́μην	ἐσῑ́νω	ἐσῑ́νᾰτο	ἐσῑ́νᾰσθον	ἐσῑνᾰ́σθην	ἐσῑνᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐσῑ́νᾰσθε	ἐσῑ́νᾰντο
	subjunctive	σῑ́νωμαι	σῑ́νῃ	σῑ́νηται	σῑ́νησθον	σῑ́νησθον	σῑνώμεθᾰ	σῑ́νησθε	σῑ́νωνται
	optative	σῑναίμην	σῑ́ναιο	σῑ́ναιτο	σῑ́ναισθον	σῑναίσθην	σῑναίμεθᾰ	σῑ́ναισθε	σῑ́ναιντο
	imperative		σῖναι	σῑνᾰ́σθω	σῑ́νᾰσθον	σῑνᾰ́σθων		σῑ́νᾰσθε	σῑνᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		σῖναι			σῑ́νᾰσθαι
participle	m	σῑ́νᾱς			σῑνᾰ́μενος
	f	σῑ́νᾱσᾰ			σῑνᾰμένη
	n	σῖνᾰν			σῑνᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἐπῐσῑ́νομαι (episī́nomai)
• κᾰτᾰσῑ́νομαι (katasī́nomai)
• προσῑ́νομαι (prosī́nomai)
• σῐ́νδρων (síndrōn)
• σῐ́νος (sínos)
• σῐνότης (sinótēs)
• σῐ́ντης (síntēs)
• σῐ́ντωρ (síntōr)
• σῐνωτῐκός (sinōtikós)
• σῐνᾰρός (sinarós)
• Σῐ́νῐς (Sínis)

 

Further reading

• “σίνομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “σίνομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “σίνομαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• σίνομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• σίνομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN