беда

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɛˈda]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -da
• Syllabification^(key): бе‧да

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic бѣда (běda), from Proto-Slavic *běda.

Noun

беда́ • (bedá) f (diminutive беди́ца)

1. trouble, adversity, disaster, mishap

   докарвам беда някому ― dokarvam beda njakomu ― to bring calamity to s.o.

   някого го сполетява беда ― njakogo go spoletjava beda ― s.o. is struck by mishap

   някому е дошла беда ― njakomu e došla beda ― a trouble comes around s.o.

   Не е беда.

   Ne e beda.

   It is not a big deal. (It is fine.)

   (literally, “It is not a trouble.”)

   Бедата никога не идва сама. (proverb)

   Bedata nikoga ne idva sama.

   Of one ill come many.

   (literally, “The trouble never comes alone.”)

2. (in the plural) burdens, worries, needs

   народни беди ― narodni bedi ― nation's needs

3. (figurative, poetic) misfortune, trouble, woe

   за беда ― za beda ― unfortunately

   изпадам / попадам в беда ― izpadam / popadam v beda ― to get in trouble

Declension

Declension of беда́

	singular	plural
indefinite	беда́ bedá	беди́ bedí
definite	беда́та bedáta	беди́те bedíte

Derived terms

verbs

• бедя́ (bedjá) (causative-iterative)

nouns

• бедина́ (bediná) (dialectal)
• (agent nouns) бедня́к m (bednják), бедня́чка f (bednjáčka)
• (action noun) бе́дствие (bédstvie)

personal names

• Бе́да f (Béda), Бе́дьо m (Bédjo) (rare)

Related terms

• побе́да (pobéda, “victory, win”)
• бе́ден (béden, “poor, wretched”)

Etymology 2

Deverbal from the causative-iterative бедя (bedja) of Etymology 1.

Noun

беда́ • (bedá) f (dialectal)

1. blame, slander, charge

   беда бедили някому ― beda bedili njakomu ― to have laid charges [against] s.o.

References

• “беда”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “беда”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov (1895), “бѣда́”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 94
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “беда”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 39
• “бѣда”, in Старобългарски речник [Dictionary of Old Bulgarian] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2026

Kildin Sami

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbʲeda/

Adverb

беда (b’eda)

1. very

   Synonyms: чофта (čofta), пэре (per’e)

Further reading

• A. A. Antonova (2014), A.M. Agejeva, S.N. Galkin, D.M. Homyuk, E. Sheller, editors, Саамско-русский словарь [Sámi-Russian dictionary], Мурманский областной центр коренных малочисленных народов севера, →ISBN, page 26
• A. Antonova; E. Sheller (2021), “беда”, in Саамско-русский и Русско-саамский словарь [Sami-Russian and Russian-Sami dictionary], Tromsø: UiT The Arctic University of Norway

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *běda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɛda]

Noun

беда • (beda) f (relational adjective беден)

1. misery
2. misfortune, trouble, disaster, mischief

Declension

Declension of беда

	singular	plural
indefinite	беда (beda)	беди (bedi)
definite unspecified	бедата (bedata)	бедите (bedite)
definite proximal	бедава (bedava)	бедиве (bedive)
definite distal	бедана (bedana)	бедине (bedine)
vocative	бедо (bedo)	беди (bedi)

Russian

Alternative forms

• бѣда́ (bědá) — pre-1918 spelling

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *běda, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ-, whence English bide, faith and fidelity.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bʲɪˈda]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Saint Petersburg):

  (file)

Noun

беда́ • (bedá) f inan (genitive беды́, nominative plural бе́ды, genitive plural бед, relational adjective бедо́вый, diminutive беду́лька)

1. misfortune, trouble, disaster, mischief
   • 1958, “Песня о тревожной молодости (Song of the Restless Youth)”, Lev Oshanin (lyrics), Aleksandra Pakhmutova (music)‎^[1]:

     Пускай нам с тобой обоим
     Беда грозит за бедою,
     И дружбу мою с тобою
     Одна только смерть возьмёт

     Puskaj nam s toboj oboim
     Beda grozit za bedoju,
     I družbu moju s toboju
     Odna tolʹko smertʹ vozʹmjót

     Let calamity after calamity
     Threaten us, [me] and you, both;
     And my friendship with you
     Only death alone can take away!

Declension

Declension of беда́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d) 

	singular	plural
nominative	беда́ bedá	бе́ды bédy
genitive	беды́ bedý	бе́д béd
dative	беде́ bedé	бе́дам bédam
accusative	беду́ bedú	бе́ды bédy
instrumental	бедо́й, бедо́ю bedój, bedóju	бе́дами bédami
prepositional	беде́ bedé	бе́дах bédax

Derived terms

• бедова́ть impf (bedovátʹ)
• бедо́вый (bedóvyj), бедова́тый (bedovátyj)
• бедола́га m anim or f anim (bedolága)
• беду́н m anim (bedún)

Compound words:

• бедоку́рить impf (bedokúritʹ), набедоку́рить pf (nabedokúritʹ)

Phrases

• не беда́ (ne bedá)

Proverbs

• беда́ не прихо́дит одна́ (bedá ne prixódit odná)
• лиха́ беда́ нача́ло (lixá bedá načálo)
• пришла́ беда́ — отворя́й ворота́ (prišlá bedá — otvorjáj vorotá)
• семь бед — оди́н отве́т (semʹ bed — odín otvét)

Related terms

• бе́дный (bédnyj), бе́дственный (bédstvennyj)
• бе́дствие (bédstvije), бедня́га (bednjága), бедня́к (bednják)
• бе́дствовать (bédstvovatʹ), бедне́ть (bednétʹ), обедне́ть (obednétʹ)

Borrowed

Related via Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ-:

• конфиде́нт m anim (konfidént)
• конфиденциа́льный (konfidenciálʹnyj)
• Фиде́ль m anim (Fidélʹ)

Descendants

• → Khamnigan Mongol: бидаа (bidaa)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “беда”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Shansky, N. M. (1965), “беда”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, number 2 (Б), Moscow: Moscow University Press, page 68
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “беда”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
• Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989), “беда”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 28
  • See also:
    • Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989), “победа”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 308
    • Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989), “убедить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 443
• Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010), “беда”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2: (Начать – Я), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 53
• Anikin, A. E. (2009), “беда́ I”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 3 (бе – болдыхать), Moscow: Manuscript Monuments Ancient Rus, →ISBN, page 28
  • See also: Anikin, A. E. (2009), “беди́ть”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 3 (бе – болдыхать), Moscow: Manuscript Monuments Ancient Rus, →ISBN, page 30

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “беда”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• бије́да (Ijekavian)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *běda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /běːda/
• Hyphenation: бе‧да

Noun

бе́да f (Latin spelling béda)

1. misery

Declension

Declension of беда

	singular	plural
nominative	беда	беде
genitive	беде	беда
dative	беди	бедама
accusative	беду	беде
vocative	бедо	беде
locative	беди	бедама
instrumental	бедом	бедама