бѣгати

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

ⰱⱑⰳⰰⱅⰹ (běgati) — Glagolitic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bě̋gati (“to flee, run”).

Verb

бѣгати • (běgati) impf

to run, to flee
to avoid, to escape

Usage notes

бѣгати (běgati) is in the class of abstract verbs. Its counterpart, бѣжати (běžati) is a concrete verb.

Conjugation

Conjugation of *бѣгати*
	singular			dual			plural
infinitive	бѣгати (běgati)
supine	бѣгатъ (běgatŭ)

	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
l-participle	бѣгалъ (běgalŭ)	бѣгало (běgalo)	бѣгала (běgala)	бѣгала (běgala)	бѣгалѣ (běgalě)	бѣгалѣ (běgalě)	бѣгали (běgali)	бѣгала (běgala)	бѣгалꙑ (běgaly)

	singular			dual			plural
	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
	азъ	тꙑ	тъ	вѣ	ва	та	мꙑ	вꙑ	ти
present	бѣгаѫ (běgaǫ)	бѣгаѥши (běgaješi)	бѣгаѥтъ (běgajetŭ)	бѣгаѥвѣ (běgajevě)	бѣгаѥта (běgajeta)	бѣгаѥте, бѣгаѥта (běgajete, běgajeta)	бѣгаѥмъ (běgajemŭ)	бѣгаѥте (běgajete)	бѣгаѭтъ (běgajǫtŭ)
imperfect	бѣгаахъ (běgaaxŭ)	бѣгааше (běgaaše)	бѣгааше (běgaaše)	бѣгааховѣ (běgaaxově)	бѣгаашета (běgaašeta)	бѣгаашете, бѣгаашета (běgaašete, běgaašeta)	бѣгаахомъ (běgaaxomŭ)	бѣгаашете (běgaašete)	бѣгаахѫ (běgaaxǫ)
aorist	бѣгахъ (běgaxŭ)	бѣга (běga)	бѣга (běga)	бѣгаховѣ (běgaxově)	бѣгаста (běgasta)	бѣгасте, бѣгаста (běgaste, běgasta)	бѣгахомъ (běgaxomŭ)	бѣгасте (běgaste)	бѣгашѧ (běgašę)
perfect¹	Use the l-participle of бѣгати and the present tense of the auxiliary verb бꙑти e.g. first-person masculine singular → бѣгалъ ѥсмь
pluperfect¹	Use the l-participle of бѣгати and the imperfective aorist or imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb бꙑти e.g. first-person masculine singular → бѣгалъ бѣхъ or бѣгалъ бѣахъ
future perfect¹	Use the l-participle of бѣгати and the future tense of the auxiliary verb бꙑти e.g. first-person masculine singular → бѣгалъ бѫдѫ
conditional¹	Use the l-participle of бѣгати and the conditional mood² or perfective aorist tense of the auxiliary verb бꙑти e.g. first-person masculine singular → бѣгалъ бимь or бѣгалъ бꙑхъ
imperative	—	бѣгаи (běgai)	бѣгаи (běgai)	бѣгаивѣ (běgaivě)	бѣгаита (běgaita)	—	бѣгаимъ (běgaimŭ)	бѣгаите (běgaite)	—

¹ Except first/second-person neuter singular/dual/plural.
² The dual forms are unattested.
See also Old Church Slavonic grammar § Verbs on WikipediaWikipedia .

Present active participle of *бѣгати*
short forms
	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	бѣгаѩ (běgaję)		бѣгаѭщи (běgajǫšti)	бѣгаѭща (běgajǫšta)	бѣгаѭщи (běgajǫšti)		бѣгаѭще (běgajǫšte)	бѣгаѭща (běgajǫšta)	бѣгаѭщѧ (běgajǫštę)
genitive	бѣгаѭща (běgajǫšta)		бѣгаѭщѧ (běgajǫštę)	бѣгаѭщоу (běgajǫštu)			бѣгаѭщь (běgajǫštĭ)
dative	бѣгаѭщоу (běgajǫštu)		бѣгаѭщи (běgajǫšti)	бѣгаѭщема (běgajǫštema)		бѣгаѭщама (běgajǫštama)	бѣгаѭщемъ (běgajǫštemŭ)		бѣгаѭщамъ (běgajǫštamŭ)
accusative	бѣгаѭщь (běgajǫštĭ)	бѣгаѭще (běgajǫšte)	бѣгаѭщѫ (běgajǫštǫ)	бѣгаѭща (běgajǫšta)	бѣгаѭщи (běgajǫšti)		бѣгаѭщѧ (běgajǫštę)	бѣгаѭща (běgajǫšta)	бѣгаѭщѧ (běgajǫštę)
instrumental	бѣгаѭщемь (běgajǫštemĭ)		бѣгаѭщеѭ (běgajǫštejǫ)	бѣгаѭщема (běgajǫštema)		бѣгаѭщама (běgajǫštama)	бѣгаѭщи (běgajǫšti)		бѣгаѭщами (běgajǫštami)
locative	бѣгаѭщи (běgajǫšti)			бѣгаѭщоу (běgajǫštu)			бѣгаѭщихъ (běgajǫštixŭ)		бѣгаѭщахъ (běgajǫštaxŭ)
long forms
nominative	бѣгаѩи (běgajęi)	бѣгаѭщеѥ (běgajǫšteje)	бѣгаѭщиꙗ (běgajǫštija)	бѣгаѭщаꙗ (běgajǫštaja)	бѣгаѭщии (běgajǫštii)		бѣгаѭщеи, бѣгаѭщии (běgajǫštei, běgajǫštii)	бѣгаѭщаꙗ (běgajǫštaja)	бѣгаѭщѧѩ (běgajǫštęję)
genitive	бѣгаѭщаѥго (běgajǫštajego)		бѣгаѭщѧѩ (běgajǫštęję)	бѣгаѭщоую (běgajǫštuju)			бѣгаѭщиихъ (běgajǫštiixŭ)
dative	бѣгаѭщоуѥмоу (běgajǫštujemu)		бѣгаѭщии (běgajǫštii)	бѣгаѭщиима (běgajǫštiima)			бѣгаѭщиимъ (běgajǫštiimŭ)
accusative	бѣгаѭщии (běgajǫštii)	бѣгаѭщеѥ (běgajǫšteje)	бѣгаѭщѫѭ (běgajǫštǫjǫ)	бѣгаѭщаꙗ (běgajǫštaja)	бѣгаѭщии (běgajǫštii)		бѣгаѭщѧѩ (běgajǫštęję)	бѣгаѭщаꙗ (běgajǫštaja)	бѣгаѭщѧѩ (běgajǫštęję)
instrumental	бѣгаѭщиимь (běgajǫštiimĭ)		бѣгаѭщѫѭ (běgajǫštǫjǫ)	бѣгаѭщиима (běgajǫštiima)			бѣгаѭщиими (běgajǫštiimi)
locative	бѣгаѭщиимь (běgajǫštiimĭ)		бѣгаѭщии (běgajǫštii)	бѣгаѭщоую (běgajǫštuju)			бѣгаѭщиихъ (běgajǫštiixŭ)

Present passive participle of *бѣгати*
short forms
	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	бѣгаѥмъ (běgajemŭ)	бѣгаѥмо (běgajemo)	бѣгаѥма (běgajema)	бѣгаѥма (běgajema)	бѣгаѥмѣ (běgajemě)		бѣгаѥми (běgajemi)	бѣгаѥма (běgajema)	бѣгаѥмꙑ (běgajemy)
genitive	бѣгаѥма (běgajema)		бѣгаѥмꙑ (běgajemy)	бѣгаѥмоу (běgajemu)			бѣгаѥмъ (běgajemŭ)
dative	бѣгаѥмоу (běgajemu)		бѣгаѥмѣ (běgajemě)	бѣгаѥмома (běgajemoma)		бѣгаѥмама (běgajemama)	бѣгаѥмомъ (běgajemomŭ)		бѣгаѥмамъ (běgajemamŭ)
accusative	бѣгаѥмъ (běgajemŭ)	бѣгаѥмо (běgajemo)	бѣгаѥмѫ (běgajemǫ)	бѣгаѥма (běgajema)	бѣгаѥмѣ (běgajemě)		бѣгаѥмꙑ (běgajemy)	бѣгаѥма (běgajema)	бѣгаѥмꙑ (běgajemy)
instrumental	бѣгаѥмомь (běgajemomĭ)		бѣгаѥмоѭ (běgajemojǫ)	бѣгаѥмома (běgajemoma)		бѣгаѥмама (běgajemama)	бѣгаѥмꙑ (běgajemy)		бѣгаѥмами (běgajemami)
locative	бѣгаѥмѣ (běgajemě)			бѣгаѥмоу (běgajemu)			бѣгаѥмѣхъ (běgajeměxŭ)		бѣгаѥмахъ (běgajemaxŭ)
long forms
nominative	бѣгаѥмꙑи (běgajemyi)	бѣгаѥмоѥ (běgajemoje)	бѣгаѥмаꙗ (běgajemaja)	бѣгаѥмаꙗ (běgajemaja)	бѣгаѥмѣи (běgajeměi)		бѣгаѥмии (běgajemii)	бѣгаѥмаꙗ (běgajemaja)	бѣгаѥмꙑѩ (běgajemyję)
genitive	бѣгаѥмaѥго (běgajemajego)		бѣгаѥмꙑѩ (běgajemyję)	бѣгаѥмоую (běgajemuju)			бѣгаѥмꙑихъ (běgajemyixŭ)
dative	бѣгаѥмоуѥмоу (běgajemujemu)		бѣгаѥмѣи (běgajeměi)	бѣгаѥмꙑима (běgajemyima)			бѣгаѥмꙑимъ (běgajemyimŭ)
accusative	бѣгаѥмꙑи (běgajemyi)	бѣгаѥмоѥ (běgajemoje)	бѣгаѥмѫѭ (běgajemǫjǫ)	бѣгаѥмаꙗ (běgajemaja)	бѣгаѥмѣи (běgajeměi)		бѣгаѥмꙑѩ (běgajemyję)	бѣгаѥмаꙗ (běgajemaja)	бѣгаѥмꙑѩ (běgajemyję)
instrumental	бѣгаѥмꙑимь (běgajemyimĭ)		бѣгаѥмѫѭ (běgajemǫjǫ)	бѣгаѥмꙑима (běgajemyima)			бѣгаѥмꙑими (běgajemyimi)
locative	бѣгаѥмѣѥмь (běgajemějemĭ)		бѣгаѥмѣи (běgajeměi)	бѣгаѥмоую (běgajemuju)			бѣгаѥмꙑихъ (běgajemyixŭ)

Past active participle of *бѣгати*
short forms
	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	бѣгавъ (běgavŭ)		бѣгавъши (běgavŭši)	бѣгавъша (běgavŭša)	бѣгавъши (běgavŭši)		бѣгавъше (běgavŭše)	бѣгавъша (běgavŭša)	бѣгавъшѧ (běgavŭšę)
genitive	бѣгавъша (běgavŭša)		бѣгавъшѧ (běgavŭšę)	бѣгавъшоу (běgavŭšu)			бѣгавъшь (běgavŭšĭ)
dative	бѣгавъшоу (běgavŭšu)		бѣгавъши (běgavŭši)	бѣгавъшема (běgavŭšema)		бѣгавъшама (běgavŭšama)	бѣгавъшемъ (běgavŭšemŭ)		бѣгавъшамъ (běgavŭšamŭ)
accusative	бѣгавъшь (běgavŭšĭ)	бѣгавъше (běgavŭše)	бѣгавъшѫ (běgavŭšǫ)	бѣгавъша (běgavŭša)	бѣгавъши (běgavŭši)		бѣгавъшѧ (běgavŭšę)	бѣгавъша (běgavŭša)	бѣгавъшѧ (běgavŭšę)
instrumental	бѣгавъшемь (běgavŭšemĭ)		бѣгавъшеѭ (běgavŭšejǫ)	бѣгавъшема (běgavŭšema)		бѣгавъшама (běgavŭšama)	бѣгавъши (běgavŭši)		бѣгавъшами (běgavŭšami)
locative	бѣгавъши (běgavŭši)			бѣгавъшоу (běgavŭšu)			бѣгавъшихъ (běgavŭšixŭ)		бѣгавъшахъ (běgavŭšaxŭ)
long forms
nominative	бѣгавꙑи (běgavyi)	бѣгавъшеѥ (běgavŭšeje)	бѣгавъшиꙗ (běgavŭšija)	бѣгавъшаꙗ (běgavŭšaja)	бѣгавъшии (běgavŭšii)		бѣгавъшеи, бѣгавъшии (běgavŭšei, běgavŭšii)	бѣгавъшаꙗ (běgavŭšaja)	бѣгавъшѧѩ (běgavŭšęję)
genitive	бѣгавъшаѥго (běgavŭšajego)		бѣгавъшѧѩ (běgavŭšęję)	бѣгавъшоую (běgavŭšuju)			бѣгавъшиихъ (běgavŭšiixŭ)
dative	бѣгавъшоуѥмоу (běgavŭšujemu)		бѣгавъшии (běgavŭšii)	бѣгавъшиима (běgavŭšiima)			бѣгавъшиимъ (běgavŭšiimŭ)
accusative	бѣгавъшии (běgavŭšii)	бѣгавъшеѥ (běgavŭšeje)	бѣгавъшѫѭ (běgavŭšǫjǫ)	бѣгавъшаꙗ (běgavŭšaja)	бѣгавъшии (běgavŭšii)		бѣгавъшѧѩ (běgavŭšęję)	бѣгавъшаꙗ (běgavŭšaja)	бѣгавъшѧѩ (běgavŭšęję)
instrumental	бѣгавъшиимь (běgavŭšiimĭ)		бѣгавъшѫѭ (běgavŭšǫjǫ)	бѣгавъшиима (běgavŭšiima)			бѣгавъшиими (běgavŭšiimi)
locative	бѣгавъшиимь (běgavŭšiimĭ)		бѣгавъшии (běgavŭšii)	бѣгавъшоую (běgavŭšuju)			бѣгавъшиихъ (běgavŭšiixŭ)

Past passive participle of *бѣгати*
short forms
	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	бѣганъ (běganŭ)	бѣгано (běgano)	бѣгана (běgana)	бѣгана (běgana)	бѣганѣ (běganě)		бѣгани (běgani)	бѣгана (běgana)	бѣганꙑ (běgany)
genitive	бѣгана (běgana)		бѣганꙑ (běgany)	бѣганоу (běganu)			бѣганъ (běganŭ)
dative	бѣганоу (běganu)		бѣганѣ (běganě)	бѣганома (běganoma)		бѣганама (běganama)	бѣганомъ (běganomŭ)		бѣганамъ (běganamŭ)
accusative	бѣганъ (běganŭ)	бѣгано (běgano)	бѣганѫ (běganǫ)	бѣгана (běgana)	бѣганѣ (běganě)		бѣганꙑ (běgany)	бѣгана (běgana)	бѣганꙑ (běgany)
instrumental	бѣганомь (běganomĭ)		бѣганоѭ (běganojǫ)	бѣганома (běganoma)		бѣганама (běganama)	бѣганꙑ (běgany)		бѣганами (běganami)
locative	бѣганѣ (běganě)			бѣганоу (běganu)			бѣганѣхъ (běganěxŭ)		бѣганахъ (běganaxŭ)
long forms
nominative	бѣганꙑи (běganyi)	бѣганоѥ (běganoje)	бѣганаꙗ (běganaja)	бѣганаꙗ (běganaja)	бѣганѣи (běganěi)		бѣгании (běganii)	бѣганаꙗ (běganaja)	бѣганꙑѩ (běganyję)
genitive	бѣганaѥго (běganajego)		бѣганꙑѩ (běganyję)	бѣганоую (běganuju)			бѣганꙑихъ (běganyixŭ)
dative	бѣганоуѥмоу (běganujemu)		бѣганѣи (běganěi)	бѣганꙑима (běganyima)			бѣганꙑимъ (běganyimŭ)
accusative	бѣганꙑи (běganyi)	бѣганоѥ (běganoje)	бѣганѫѭ (běganǫjǫ)	бѣганаꙗ (běganaja)	бѣганѣи (běganěi)		бѣганꙑѩ (běganyję)	бѣганаꙗ (běganaja)	бѣганꙑѩ (běganyję)
instrumental	бѣганꙑимь (běganyimĭ)		бѣганѫѭ (běganǫjǫ)	бѣганꙑима (běganyima)			бѣганꙑими (běganyimi)
locative	бѣганѣѥмь (běganějemĭ)		бѣганѣи (běganěi)	бѣганоую (běganuju)			бѣганꙑихъ (běganyixŭ)

Derived terms

избѣгнѫти (izběgnǫti)

Related terms

бѣжати (běžati)

Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *běgati. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic бѣгати (běgati) and Old Polish biegać.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbeːɡɑti/→/ˈbʲeːɡatʲi/→/ˈbʲeːɡatʲi/

(ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈbeːɡɑti/
(ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈbʲeːɡatʲi/
(ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈbʲeːɡatʲi/

Hyphenation: бѣ‧га‧ти

Verb

бѣгати (běgati) impf (perfective бѣжати)

(intransitive) to run
(intransitive) to flee

Conjugation

Conjugation of бѣгати (type III verb)

Present Active Participle		Present Passive Participle	Past Active Participle	Past Passive Participle
		Singular	Dual	Plural
Present	1st	бѣгаѭ běgajǫ	бѣгаевѣ běgajevě	бѣгаемъ běgajemŭ
	2nd	бѣгаеши běgaješi	бѣгаета běgajeta	бѣгаете běgajete
	3rd	бѣгаеть běgajetĭ	бѣгаета běgajeta	бѣгаѭть běgajǫtĭ
Aorist	1st	бѣгахъ běgaxŭ	бѣгаховѣ běgaxově	бѣгахомъ běgaxomŭ
	2nd	бѣга běga	бѣгаста běgasta	бѣгасте běgaste
	3rd	бѣга běga	бѣгаста běgasta	бѣгаша běgaša
Imperfect	1st	бѣгахъ běgaxŭ	бѣгаховѣ běgaxově	бѣгахомъ běgaxomŭ
	2nd	бѣгаше běgaše	бѣгаста běgasta	бѣгасте běgaste
	3rd	бѣгаше běgaše	бѣгаста běgasta	бѣгахѫ, бѣгахѫть běgaxǫ, běgaxǫtĭ
Imperative		бѣгаи běgai	бѣгаита běgaita	бѣгаите běgaite
Cohortative		— —	бѣгаивѣ běgaivě	бѣгаимъ běgaimŭ
бѣгаѧ běgaję		— —	бѣгавъ běgavŭ	— —
L-Participle		Infinitive	Supine
бѣгалъ běgalŭ		бѣгати běgati	бѣгатъ běgatŭ

Descendants

Old Ruthenian: бѣ́гати (bě́hati)
- Belarusian: бе́гаць (bjéhacʹ)
- Carpathian Rusyn: бі́гати (bíhaty)
- Ukrainian: бі́гати (bíhaty)
Russian: бе́гать (bégatʹ)

References

Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893), “бѣгати”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[1] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 212