հաստ

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Armenian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Armenian հաստ (hast).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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հաստ • (hast) (superlative ամենահաստ)

  1. thick, dense, broad
    Antonym: բարակ (barak)
    հաստ գիրք ― hast girkʻ ― thick book
    հաստ մածուն ― hast macun ― (dialectal) thick, consistent matzoon

Declension

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nominalized, i-type (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative հաստ (hast) հաստեր (haster)
dative հաստի (hasti) հաստերի (hasteri)
ablative հաստից (hasticʻ) հաստերից (hastericʻ)
instrumental հաստով (hastov) հաստերով (hasterov)
locative հաստում (hastum) հաստերում (hasterum)
definite forms
nominative հաստը/հաստն (hastə/hastn) հաստերը/հաստերն (hasterə/hastern)
dative հաստին (hastin) հաստերին (hasterin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative հաստս (hasts) հաստերս (hasters)
dative հաստիս (hastis) հաստերիս (hasteris)
ablative հաստիցս (hasticʻs) հաստերիցս (hastericʻs)
instrumental հաստովս (hastovs) հաստերովս (hasterovs)
locative հաստումս (hastums) հաստերումս (hasterums)
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative հաստդ (hastd) հաստերդ (hasterd)
dative հաստիդ (hastid) հաստերիդ (hasterid)
ablative հաստիցդ (hasticʻd) հաստերիցդ (hastericʻd)
instrumental հաստովդ (hastovd) հաստերովդ (hasterovd)
locative հաստումդ (hastumd) հաստերումդ (hasterumd)

References

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  1. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “հաստ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 49b

Old Armenian

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Etymology

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Connected with Proto-Germanic *fastuz (“fixed, firm, secure”), possibly also Sanskrit पस्त्य n (pastyá, “stall, stable ← stable habitation”), पस्त्या f (pastyā́, “homestead, dwelling, household”). All usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *pastV- (“solid, stable”).[1][2][3][4] Kroonen separates the Sanskrit and reconstructs the Proto-Indo-European root for Armenian and Germanic as *pHst-.[5] See *fastuz for more on this.

However, Martirosyan writes: "In view of the limited distribution (see also Salmons apud Mallory/Adams 1997: 204b) and the vowel *-a-, we are hardly dealing with a Proto-Indo-European word. One may posit a European substrate word shared by Armenian, Germanic, possibly also Indo-Aryan. In view of the semantics of the Germanic and Indic cognates, as well as that of Armenian հաստատեմ (hastatem, “to affirm, assert, reinforce; to build, found, set up, settle, establish a dwelling place”), one may posit a substratum technical term with an original meaning ‘foundation, settlement, fortified dwelling place, fortress’".[6]

Compare also Northern Kurdish xest, Central Kurdish خەست (xest), dialectal ھەس (hes), Southern Kurdish خەس (xes), Laki خەس (xes), ھەس (hes), Gurani ھەس (has), Talysh خس (xas, “thick, viscous (of liquid)”)[7] and Gilaki خٚستٚه (xəstə, “dense”).[8]

Adjective

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հաստ • (hast) indeclinable

  1. firm, steady, standing still, tough
  2. thick, dense, broad

Noun

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հաստ • (hast)

  1. firmness, the standing still, strength
    կալ ի հաստի ― kal i hasti ― to stand firm
    ի հաստոջ պահել ― i hastoǰ pahel ― to hold fast
    ի հաստոջ ունել ― i hastoǰ unel ― to preserve, to keep

Declension

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i-type
singular plural
nominative հաստ (hast) հաստք (hastkʻ)
genitive հաստի (hasti) հաստից (hasticʻ)
dative հաստի (hasti) հաստից (hasticʻ)
accusative հաստ (hast) հաստս (hasts)
ablative հաստէ (hastē) հաստից (hasticʻ)
instrumental հաստիւ (hastiw) հաստիւք (hastiwkʻ)
locative հաստի, հաստոջ (hasti, hastoǰ) հաստս (hasts)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Armenian: հաստ (hast)

References

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  1. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “հաստ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 49ab
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pasto-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 789
  3. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 204b
  4. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 201
  5. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fastu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 138
  6. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 390
  7. ^ Abdoli, Ali (2015) The comparative dictionary of Talysh, Tati, Azari, Tehran: Enteshar, →ISBN, page 219
  8. ^ Boshra, Mohammad (2021) Gilaki vocabulary dictionary, Rasht: Farhange Iliya, →ISBN, page 166

Further reading

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  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “հաստ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “հաստ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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