خاکسار

Chagatai

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خَاکْسَار (xāksār). By surface analysis, خَاک (xāk) +‎ ـسَار (-sār).

Adjective

خاکسار • (xāksār)

1. humbled, abject, modest

   خاکسار ایتماک ― xāksār etmäk ― to humble

2. (literally) covered in dust

Derived terms

• خاکسارلیغ (xāksārliğ, “modesty”)

Descendants

• Uzbek: xokisor

Further reading

• Bahawudun, Muhemmettursun; Gheyurani, Ghenizat; Qadir, Isma'il; Ehet, Ablimit (2002), چاغاتاي تىلىنىڭ ئىزاھلىق لۇغىتى [Explanatory Dictionary of the Chagatai Language]‎^[1] (in Uyghur), Shinjang Xelq Neshriyati, →ISBN, page 218

Persian

Etymology

From خاک (xāk, “earth”) +‎ ـسار (-sār).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /xaːk.ˈsaːr/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xɑːk.sɑ́ːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xɑːk.sɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xɑːk.sɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xɔːk.sɔ́ːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xɒːkʰʲ.sɒ́ːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χɔk.sɔ́ɾ]

• Rhymes: -aːr

Readings
Classical reading?	xāksār
Dari reading?	xāksār
Iranian reading?	xâksâr
Tajik reading?	xoksor

Adjective

خاکسار • (xāksār / xâksâr) (Tajik spelling хоксор)

1. humbled, abject
   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 128:

     با که راز خویشتن گوییم کز کوی حبیب
     خاکساران بلا را همدمی جز باد نیست

     bā ki rāz-i xwēštan gōyēm k-az kō-yi habīb
     xāksārān-i balā rā hamdamē juz bād nēst

     To whom shall we tell our secret? From the beloved's alley
     Those humbled by [the] disaster [of love] have no confidant except for the wind.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

2. (literally) covered in dust

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “خاکسار”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خَاکْسَار (xāksār, literally “earth-like”). By surface analysis, خَاک (xāk) +‎ ـسَار (-sār).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xɑːk.sɑːɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɑːɾ

Pronoun

خَاکْسَار • (xāksār) m (Hindi spelling ख़ाकसार)

1. humble, modest
2. (rare, dated, formal, polite, higher register) first-person singular subjective personal pronoun: I, I humbly, this servant

   Synonym: بَنْدَہ (banda)

Declension

Declension of خاکسار

direct	خَاکْسَار (xāksār)
indirect	خَاکْسَار (xāksār)
ergative	خَاکْسَار نے (xāksār ne)
genitive	خَاکْسَار کا (xāksār kā)
dative	خَاکْسَار کو (xāksār ko) خَاکْسَار کو (xāksār ko)

See also

Urdu personal pronouns

			direct case	indirect case	ergative case	dative/accusative case
1st person	singular		مَیں (ma͠i)	مُجھ (mujh)	مَیں نے (ma͠i ne)	مُجھ کو (mujh ko) مُجھے (mujhe)
	formal (rare)		خَاکْسَار (xāksār)		خَاکْسَار نے (xāksār ne)	خَاکْسَار کو (xāksār ko)
	plural		ہَم (ham)		ہَم نے (ham ne)	ہَم کو (ham ko) ہَمیں (hamẽ)
2nd person	informal (intimate)		تُو (tū)	تُجھ (tujh)	تُو نے (tū ne)	تُجھ کو (tujh ko) تُجھے (tujhe)
	semiformal (familiar)		تُم (tum)		تُم نے (tum ne)	تُم کو (tum ko) تُمْہیں (tumhẽ)
	formal (polite)		آپ (āp)		آپ نے (āp ne)	آپ کو (āp ko)
3rd person	proximal	singular / informal	یِہ (ye)	اِس (is)	اِس نے (is ne)	اِس کو (is ko) اِسے (ise)
		plural / formal		اِن (in)	اِنْہوں نے (inhõ ne)	اِن کو (in ko) اِنْہیں (inhẽ)
	distal	singular / informal	وُہ (vo)	اُس (us)	اُس نے (us ne)	اُس کو (us ko) اُسے (use)
		plural / formal		اُن (un)	اُنْہوں نے (unhõ ne)	اُن کو (un ko) اُنْہیں (unhẽ)

References

• “خاکسار”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “خاکسار”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.