رأس

See also: راس

Arabic

Root
ر ء س (r ʔ s)
7 terms

Etymology 1.1

From Proto-Semitic *raʔš-. Cognate with Akkadian 𒊕 (rēšum) and Biblical Hebrew רֹאשׁ (roʾš).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raʔs/

Noun

رَأْس • (raʔs) m (plural رُؤُوس (ruʔūs) or أَرْؤُس (ʔarʔus))

1. head
2. head (enumerator for cattle)
3. leader, chief, chieftain
4. tip, top, summit, peak, upper part
5. vertex, apex
6. extremity, end
7. (geography) promontory, headland, cape
8. main part
9. beginning

Declension

Declension of noun رَأْس (raʔs)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رَأْس raʔs	الرَّأْس ar-raʔs	رَأْس raʔs
nominative	رَأْسٌ raʔsun	الرَّأْسُ ar-raʔsu	رَأْسُ raʔsu
accusative	رَأْسًا raʔsan	الرَّأْسَ ar-raʔsa	رَأْسَ raʔsa
genitive	رَأْسٍ raʔsin	الرَّأْسِ ar-raʔsi	رَأْسِ raʔsi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رَأْسَيْن raʔsayn	الرَّأْسَيْن ar-raʔsayn	رَأْسَيْ raʔsay
nominative	رَأْسَانِ raʔsāni	الرَّأْسَانِ ar-raʔsāni	رَأْسَا raʔsā
accusative	رَأْسَيْنِ raʔsayni	الرَّأْسَيْنِ ar-raʔsayni	رَأْسَيْ raʔsay
genitive	رَأْسَيْنِ raʔsayni	الرَّأْسَيْنِ ar-raʔsayni	رَأْسَيْ raʔsay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رُؤُوس‎; أَرْؤُس ruʔūs‎; ʔarʔus	الرُّؤُوس‎; الْأَرْؤُس ar-ruʔūs‎; al-ʔarʔus	رُؤُوس‎; أَرْؤُس ruʔūs‎; ʔarʔus
nominative	رُؤُوسٌ‎; أَرْؤُسٌ ruʔūsun‎; ʔarʔusun	الرُّؤُوسُ‎; الْأَرْؤُسُ ar-ruʔūsu‎; al-ʔarʔusu	رُؤُوسُ‎; أَرْؤُسُ ruʔūsu‎; ʔarʔusu
accusative	رُؤُوسًا‎; أَرْؤُسًا ruʔūsan‎; ʔarʔusan	الرُّؤُوسَ‎; الْأَرْؤُسَ ar-ruʔūsa‎; al-ʔarʔusa	رُؤُوسَ‎; أَرْؤُسَ ruʔūsa‎; ʔarʔusa
genitive	رُؤُوسٍ‎; أَرْؤُسٍ ruʔūsin‎; ʔarʔusin	الرُّؤُوسِ‎; الْأَرْؤُسِ ar-ruʔūsi‎; al-ʔarʔusi	رُؤُوسِ‎; أَرْؤُسِ ruʔūsi‎; ʔarʔusi

Descendants

• Egyptian Arabic: راس (rās)
• Gulf Arabic: راس (rās)
• Maltese: ras
• Moroccan Arabic: راس (rās)
• → Punjabi: ਰਾਸ (rās)
• → Swahili: rasi
• → Ottoman Turkish: رأس (re's)

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ra.ʔa.sa/

Verb

رَأَسَ • (raʔasa) I (non-past يَرْأَسُ (yarʔasu), verbal noun رِئَاسَة (riʔāsa) or رَأْس (raʔs) or رِيَاسَة (riyāsa) or رَآسَة (raʔāsa))

1. to be at the head, to be chairman, to chair, to be in charge, to preside
   • 1377, Ibn Khaldun, مقدمة ابن خلدون:

     وَمِنْهُ ٱدِّعَاءُ أَوْلَادِ رَبَابٍ الْمَعْرُوفِينَ بِٱلْحِجَازِيِّينَ مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرٍ أَحَدِ شُعُوبِ زُغْبَةَ أَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ ثُمَّ مِنَ الشَّرِيدِ مِنْهُمْ، لَحِقَ جَدُّهُمْ بِبَنِي عَامِرٍ نَجَّارًا يَصْنَعُ الْحِرْجَانَ وَٱخْتَلَطَ بِهِمْ وَٱلْتَحَمَ بِنَسَبِهِمْ حَتَّى رَأَسَ عَلَيْهِمْ.

     waminhu ddiʕāʔu ʔawlādi rabābin al-maʕrūfīna bi-l-ḥijāziyyīna min banī ʕāmirin ʔaḥadi šuʕūbi zuḡbata ʔannahum min banī sulaymin ṯumma mina š-šarīdi minhum, laḥiqa jadduhum bibanī ʕāmirin najjāran yaṣnaʕu l-ḥirjāna waḵtalaṭa bihim wal-taḥama binasabihim ḥattā raʔasa ʕalayhim.

     The Awlad Rabab, who are known as the Hijazis and who belong to the Banu 'Amir, one of the branches of the Zughbah, claim that they belong to the Banu Sulaym and, in particular, to the Sharid, a branch of the Bani Sulaym. Their ancestor is said to have joined the Banu 'Amir as a carpenter who made biers. He mixed with them and developed a close contact with them. Finally, he became their leader.

     Translated by Franz Rosenthal

2. to head, to lead, to direct, to manage, to run

Conjugation

Conjugation of رَأَسَ (I, sound, a ~ a, full passive, verbal nouns رِئَاسَة, رَأْس, رِيَاسَة, رَآسَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						رِئَاسَة, رَأْس, رِيَاسَة, رَآسَة riʔāsa, raʔs, riyāsa, raʔāsa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						رَائِس rāʔis
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَرْؤُوس marʔūs
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رَأَسْتُ raʔastu	رَأَسْتَ raʔasta	رَأَسَ raʔasa		رَأَسْتُمَا raʔastumā	رَأَسَا raʔasā		رَأَسْنَا raʔasnā	رَأَسْتُمْ raʔastum	رَأَسُوا raʔasū
	f		رَأَسْتِ raʔasti	رَأَسَتْ raʔasat			رَأَسَتَا raʔasatā			رَأَسْتُنَّ raʔastunna	رَأَسْنَ raʔasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَرْأَسُ ʔarʔasu	تَرْأَسُ tarʔasu	يَرْأَسُ yarʔasu		تَرْأَسَانِ tarʔasāni	يَرْأَسَانِ yarʔasāni		نَرْأَسُ narʔasu	تَرْأَسُونَ tarʔasūna	يَرْأَسُونَ yarʔasūna
	f		تَرْأَسِينَ tarʔasīna	تَرْأَسُ tarʔasu			تَرْأَسَانِ tarʔasāni			تَرْأَسْنَ tarʔasna	يَرْأَسْنَ yarʔasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَرْأَسَ ʔarʔasa	تَرْأَسَ tarʔasa	يَرْأَسَ yarʔasa		تَرْأَسَا tarʔasā	يَرْأَسَا yarʔasā		نَرْأَسَ narʔasa	تَرْأَسُوا tarʔasū	يَرْأَسُوا yarʔasū
	f		تَرْأَسِي tarʔasī	تَرْأَسَ tarʔasa			تَرْأَسَا tarʔasā			تَرْأَسْنَ tarʔasna	يَرْأَسْنَ yarʔasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَرْأَسْ ʔarʔas	تَرْأَسْ tarʔas	يَرْأَسْ yarʔas		تَرْأَسَا tarʔasā	يَرْأَسَا yarʔasā		نَرْأَسْ narʔas	تَرْأَسُوا tarʔasū	يَرْأَسُوا yarʔasū
	f		تَرْأَسِي tarʔasī	تَرْأَسْ tarʔas			تَرْأَسَا tarʔasā			تَرْأَسْنَ tarʔasna	يَرْأَسْنَ yarʔasna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِرْأَسْ irʔas			اِرْأَسَا irʔasā				اِرْأَسُوا irʔasū
	f		اِرْأَسِي irʔasī							اِرْأَسْنَ irʔasna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رُئِسْتُ ruʔistu	رُئِسْتَ ruʔista	رُئِسَ ruʔisa		رُئِسْتُمَا ruʔistumā	رُئِسَا ruʔisā		رُئِسْنَا ruʔisnā	رُئِسْتُمْ ruʔistum	رُئِسُوا ruʔisū
	f		رُئِسْتِ ruʔisti	رُئِسَتْ ruʔisat			رُئِسَتَا ruʔisatā			رُئِسْتُنَّ ruʔistunna	رُئِسْنَ ruʔisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرْأَسُ ʔurʔasu	تُرْأَسُ turʔasu	يُرْأَسُ yurʔasu		تُرْأَسَانِ turʔasāni	يُرْأَسَانِ yurʔasāni		نُرْأَسُ nurʔasu	تُرْأَسُونَ turʔasūna	يُرْأَسُونَ yurʔasūna
	f		تُرْأَسِينَ turʔasīna	تُرْأَسُ turʔasu			تُرْأَسَانِ turʔasāni			تُرْأَسْنَ turʔasna	يُرْأَسْنَ yurʔasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرْأَسَ ʔurʔasa	تُرْأَسَ turʔasa	يُرْأَسَ yurʔasa		تُرْأَسَا turʔasā	يُرْأَسَا yurʔasā		نُرْأَسَ nurʔasa	تُرْأَسُوا turʔasū	يُرْأَسُوا yurʔasū
	f		تُرْأَسِي turʔasī	تُرْأَسَ turʔasa			تُرْأَسَا turʔasā			تُرْأَسْنَ turʔasna	يُرْأَسْنَ yurʔasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرْأَسْ ʔurʔas	تُرْأَسْ turʔas	يُرْأَسْ yurʔas		تُرْأَسَا turʔasā	يُرْأَسَا yurʔasā		نُرْأَسْ nurʔas	تُرْأَسُوا turʔasū	يُرْأَسُوا yurʔasū
	f		تُرْأَسِي turʔasī	تُرْأَسْ turʔas			تُرْأَسَا turʔasā			تُرْأَسْنَ turʔasna	يُرْأَسْنَ yurʔasna

Etymology 1.3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raʔ.ʔa.sa/

Verb

رَأَّسَ • (raʔʔasa) II (non-past يُرَئِّسُ (yuraʔʔisu), verbal noun تَرْئِيس (tarʔīs))

1. to appoint as the leader, to make the leader, director, chairman or president

Conjugation

Conjugation of رَأَّسَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَرْئِيس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَرْئِيس tarʔīs
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُرَئِّس muraʔʔis
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُرَأَّس muraʔʔas
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رَأَّسْتُ raʔʔastu	رَأَّسْتَ raʔʔasta	رَأَّسَ raʔʔasa		رَأَّسْتُمَا raʔʔastumā	رَأَّسَا raʔʔasā		رَأَّسْنَا raʔʔasnā	رَأَّسْتُمْ raʔʔastum	رَأَّسُوا raʔʔasū
	f		رَأَّسْتِ raʔʔasti	رَأَّسَتْ raʔʔasat			رَأَّسَتَا raʔʔasatā			رَأَّسْتُنَّ raʔʔastunna	رَأَّسْنَ raʔʔasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرَئِّسُ ʔuraʔʔisu	تُرَئِّسُ turaʔʔisu	يُرَئِّسُ yuraʔʔisu		تُرَئِّسَانِ turaʔʔisāni	يُرَئِّسَانِ yuraʔʔisāni		نُرَئِّسُ nuraʔʔisu	تُرَئِّسُونَ turaʔʔisūna	يُرَئِّسُونَ yuraʔʔisūna
	f		تُرَئِّسِينَ turaʔʔisīna	تُرَئِّسُ turaʔʔisu			تُرَئِّسَانِ turaʔʔisāni			تُرَئِّسْنَ turaʔʔisna	يُرَئِّسْنَ yuraʔʔisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرَئِّسَ ʔuraʔʔisa	تُرَئِّسَ turaʔʔisa	يُرَئِّسَ yuraʔʔisa		تُرَئِّسَا turaʔʔisā	يُرَئِّسَا yuraʔʔisā		نُرَئِّسَ nuraʔʔisa	تُرَئِّسُوا turaʔʔisū	يُرَئِّسُوا yuraʔʔisū
	f		تُرَئِّسِي turaʔʔisī	تُرَئِّسَ turaʔʔisa			تُرَئِّسَا turaʔʔisā			تُرَئِّسْنَ turaʔʔisna	يُرَئِّسْنَ yuraʔʔisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرَئِّسْ ʔuraʔʔis	تُرَئِّسْ turaʔʔis	يُرَئِّسْ yuraʔʔis		تُرَئِّسَا turaʔʔisā	يُرَئِّسَا yuraʔʔisā		نُرَئِّسْ nuraʔʔis	تُرَئِّسُوا turaʔʔisū	يُرَئِّسُوا yuraʔʔisū
	f		تُرَئِّسِي turaʔʔisī	تُرَئِّسْ turaʔʔis			تُرَئِّسَا turaʔʔisā			تُرَئِّسْنَ turaʔʔisna	يُرَئِّسْنَ yuraʔʔisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		رَئِّسْ raʔʔis			رَئِّسَا raʔʔisā				رَئِّسُوا raʔʔisū
	f		رَئِّسِي raʔʔisī							رَئِّسْنَ raʔʔisna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رُئِّسْتُ ruʔʔistu	رُئِّسْتَ ruʔʔista	رُئِّسَ ruʔʔisa		رُئِّسْتُمَا ruʔʔistumā	رُئِّسَا ruʔʔisā		رُئِّسْنَا ruʔʔisnā	رُئِّسْتُمْ ruʔʔistum	رُئِّسُوا ruʔʔisū
	f		رُئِّسْتِ ruʔʔisti	رُئِّسَتْ ruʔʔisat			رُئِّسَتَا ruʔʔisatā			رُئِّسْتُنَّ ruʔʔistunna	رُئِّسْنَ ruʔʔisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرَأَّسُ ʔuraʔʔasu	تُرَأَّسُ turaʔʔasu	يُرَأَّسُ yuraʔʔasu		تُرَأَّسَانِ turaʔʔasāni	يُرَأَّسَانِ yuraʔʔasāni		نُرَأَّسُ nuraʔʔasu	تُرَأَّسُونَ turaʔʔasūna	يُرَأَّسُونَ yuraʔʔasūna
	f		تُرَأَّسِينَ turaʔʔasīna	تُرَأَّسُ turaʔʔasu			تُرَأَّسَانِ turaʔʔasāni			تُرَأَّسْنَ turaʔʔasna	يُرَأَّسْنَ yuraʔʔasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرَأَّسَ ʔuraʔʔasa	تُرَأَّسَ turaʔʔasa	يُرَأَّسَ yuraʔʔasa		تُرَأَّسَا turaʔʔasā	يُرَأَّسَا yuraʔʔasā		نُرَأَّسَ nuraʔʔasa	تُرَأَّسُوا turaʔʔasū	يُرَأَّسُوا yuraʔʔasū
	f		تُرَأَّسِي turaʔʔasī	تُرَأَّسَ turaʔʔasa			تُرَأَّسَا turaʔʔasā			تُرَأَّسْنَ turaʔʔasna	يُرَأَّسْنَ yuraʔʔasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرَأَّسْ ʔuraʔʔas	تُرَأَّسْ turaʔʔas	يُرَأَّسْ yuraʔʔas		تُرَأَّسَا turaʔʔasā	يُرَأَّسَا yuraʔʔasā		نُرَأَّسْ nuraʔʔas	تُرَأَّسُوا turaʔʔasū	يُرَأَّسُوا yuraʔʔasū
	f		تُرَأَّسِي turaʔʔasī	تُرَأَّسْ turaʔʔas			تُرَأَّسَا turaʔʔasā			تُرَأَّسْنَ turaʔʔasna	يُرَأَّسْنَ yuraʔʔasna

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “رءس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Persian

Alternative forms

• راس (ra's) (unhamzated)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَأْس (raʔs), from Proto-Semitic *raʔš-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈraʔs/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [räʔs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [räʔs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [rɑːs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [rɔːs]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹæʔs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹæʔs]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [ɹæːs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾäʔs]

Readings
Classical reading?	ra's
Dari reading?	ra's
Iranian reading?	ra's
Tajik reading?	ra's

Classifier

رأس • (ra's) (Tajik spelling раъс)

1. classifier for counting animals: head

Noun

رأس • (ra's) (plural رؤوس (ru'ūs / ro'us), or رأس‌ها (ra's-hā / ra's-hâ), Tajik spelling раъс)

1. the head or foremost position:
   1. summit
   2. end, extremity
   3. top, vertex
2. (dated) chief, head, leader

   Synonym: رئیس (ra'īs / ra'is)

3. (anatomy, archaic) head (body part of an animal)

   Synonym: (more common) سر (sar)

Related terms

Persian terms derived from the Arabic root ر ء س (0 c, 4 e)

Further reading

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “رأس”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
• Bulkin, Carleton (2012), “راس”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “راس”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• ʿAmīd, Ḥasan (1985), “راس”, in Farhang-e Fārsī-e ʿAmīd (in Persian), Tehrān: Amīrkabīr