سفر

See also: شقر and س ف ر

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root س ف ر (s-f-r); compare سَافَرَ (sāfara, “to travel”), Akkadian 𒆥 (KIN /⁠šapāru⁠/, “to send”).

Noun

سَفَر • (safar) m (plural أَسْفَار (ʔasfār))

1. departure, journey, travel
2. campaign, military expedition

Declension

Declension of noun سَفَر (safar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَفَر safar	السَّفَر as-safar	سَفَر safar
Nominative	سَفَرٌ safarun	السَّفَرُ as-safaru	سَفَرُ safaru
Accusative	سَفَرًا safaran	السَّفَرَ as-safara	سَفَرَ safara
Genitive	سَفَرٍ safarin	السَّفَرِ as-safari	سَفَرِ safari
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَفَرَيْن safarayn	السَّفَرَيْن as-safarayn	سَفَرَيْ safaray
Nominative	سَفَرَانِ safarāni	السَّفَرَانِ as-safarāni	سَفَرَا safarā
Accusative	سَفَرَيْنِ safarayni	السَّفَرَيْنِ as-safarayni	سَفَرَيْ safaray
Genitive	سَفَرَيْنِ safarayni	السَّفَرَيْنِ as-safarayni	سَفَرَيْ safaray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسفَار ?	الْأَسفَار ?	أَسفَار ?
Nominative	أَسفَارٌ ?	الْأَسفَارُ ?	أَسفَارُ ?
Accusative	أَسفَارًا ?	الْأَسفَارَ ?	أَسفَارَ ?
Genitive	أَسفَارٍ ?	الْأَسفَارِ ?	أَسفَارِ ?

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: سفر (sifar)
• → Azerbaijani: səfər
• Hindi: सफ़र (safar)
• Kazakh: сапар (sapar)
• → Ottoman Turkish: سفر
  • Turkish: sefer
• → Persian: سفر
• → Swahili: safari
  • → Arabic: سَفَارِي (safārī)
  • → Catalan: safari
  • → English: safari
  • → Finnish: safari
  • → French: safari
    • → Romanian: safari
    • →? Turkish: safari
  • → German: Safari
  • → Hungarian: szafari
  • → Italian: safari
  • → Japanese: サファリ
  • → Portuguese: safári
  • → Russian: сафа́ри (safári)
  • → Spanish: safari
  • → Swedish: safari
• Urdu: سفر
• Uzbek: safar

Etymology 2

Unnatural in Arabic, not relating to meanings from the root س ف ر (s-f-r), borrowed from Aramaic סִפְרָא (sip̱rā, “writing, book”) / ܣܷܦܪܴܐ (sep̱rā, “writing, book”); and compare Hebrew סֵפֶר (sēp̄er, “writing, book”).

Noun

سِفْر • (sifr) m (plural أَسْفَار (ʔasfār))

1. written book
   • Qur'an

     مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ حُمِّلُوا التَّوْرَاةَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ الْحِمَارِ يَحْمِلُ أَسْفَارًا

     maṯalu allaḏīna ḥummilū t-tawrāta ṯumma lam yaḥmilūhā kamaṯali l-ḥimāri yaḥmilu ʔasfāran

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (Christianity, Judaism) a book of the Bible

   سِفْرُ ٱلْمُلُوكِ ٱلْأَوَّلُ ― sifru l-mulūki l-ʔawwalu ― the First Book of Kings

Declension

Declension of noun سِفْر (sifr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِفْر sifr	السِّفْر as-sifr	سِفْر sifr
Nominative	سِفْرٌ sifrun	السِّفْرُ as-sifru	سِفْرُ sifru
Accusative	سِفْرًا sifran	السِّفْرَ as-sifra	سِفْرَ sifra
Genitive	سِفْرٍ sifrin	السِّفْرِ as-sifri	سِفْرِ sifri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِفْرَيْن sifrayn	السِّفْرَيْن as-sifrayn	سِفْرَيْ sifray
Nominative	سِفْرَانِ sifrāni	السِّفْرَانِ as-sifrāni	سِفْرَا sifrā
Accusative	سِفْرَيْنِ sifrayni	السِّفْرَيْنِ as-sifrayni	سِفْرَيْ sifray
Genitive	سِفْرَيْنِ sifrayni	السِّفْرَيْنِ as-sifrayni	سِفْرَيْ sifray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسْفَار ʔasfār	الْأَسْفَار al-ʔasfār	أَسْفَار ʔasfār
Nominative	أَسْفَارٌ ʔasfārun	الْأَسْفَارُ al-ʔasfāru	أَسْفَارُ ʔasfāru
Accusative	أَسْفَارًا ʔasfāran	الْأَسْفَارَ al-ʔasfāra	أَسْفَارَ ʔasfāra
Genitive	أَسْفَارٍ ʔasfārin	الْأَسْفَارِ al-ʔasfāri	أَسْفَارِ ʔasfāri

References

• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) “سِفْر”, in The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 170–171

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Central Kurdish

Central Kurdish cardinal numbers

	۰	۱  >
Cardinal : سفر (sifr)

Etymology

From Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr).

Numeral

سفر (sifir)

1. zero; 0

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic سَفَر (safar).

Noun

سفر • (sefer)

1. travel
2. campaign

Descendants

• Turkish: sefer

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Persian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sæfæɾ]

Etymology 1

From Arabic سَفَر (safar); compare Akkadian 𒆥 (KIN /⁠šapāru⁠/, “to send”). Cognate with English safari.

Noun

Dari	سفر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	сафар

سفر • (safar)

1. travel
   • من سفر هوائی را دوست ندارم.

     Man safar havâ'i-râ dust nadâram.

     I don't like travelling by air.

2. trip
3. voyage
4. journey
5. expedition

Related terms

• سفری (safari)
• سفر کردن (safar kardan)

Etymology 2

From Arabic سِفْر (sifr); compare Hebrew סֵפֶר (sēp̄er, “book”).

Pronunciation

• Homophone: صفر

Noun

سفر • (sefr)

1. book

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Urdu

Etymology

From Arabic سَفَر (safar); compare Akkadian 𒆥 (KIN /⁠šapāru⁠/, “to send”).

Noun

سفر • (safar) m (Hindi spelling सफ़र)

1. travel
2. trip
3. voyage
4. journey
5. expedition

See also

• ہمسفر (ہمسفر)
• مسافر (مسافر)