شرق

See also: سرف, شرف, سرق, and سرڤ

Arabic

Root
ش ر ق (š r q)
11 terms

Etymology 1.1

Root
ش ر ق (š r q)
11 terms

Compare Hebrew מִזְרָח (mizrákh, “east”), Hebrew זָרַח (zarákh, “to shine, to rise”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃarq/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

شَرْق • (šarq) m

1. east; Orient

Declension

Declension of noun شَرْق (šarq)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَرْق šarq	الشَّرْق aš-šarq	شَرْق šarq
nominative	شَرْقٌ šarqun	الشَّرْقُ aš-šarqu	شَرْقُ šarqu
accusative	شَرْقًا šarqan	الشَّرْقَ aš-šarqa	شَرْقَ šarqa
genitive	شَرْقٍ šarqin	الشَّرْقِ aš-šarqi	شَرْقِ šarqi

Coordinate terms

compass points: اِتِّجَاهَات الْبَوْصَلَةِ (ittijāhāt al-bawṣalati):  ^[edit]

شَمَال غَرْبِيّ (šamāl ḡarbiyy)	شَمَال (šamāl)	شَمَال شَرْقِيّ (šamāl šarqiyy)
غَرْب (ḡarb)		شَرْق (šarq)
جَنُوب غَرْبِيّ (janūb ḡarbiyy)	جَنُوب (janūb)	جَنُوب شَرْقِيّ (janūb šarqiyy)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: şərq
• Bashkir: шәреҡ (şäriq)
• Pashto: شرق (šarq)
• Persian: شرق (šarq)
• Tajik: шарқ (šarq)
• → Ottoman Turkish: شرق

  > Turkish: şark (inherited)

• → Turkmen: şark
• Uzbek: sharq

Etymology 1.2

Compare Hebrew זָרַח (zarákh, “to shine، to rise”).

Verb

شَرَقَ • (šaraqa) I (non-past يَشْرُقُ (yašruqu), verbal noun شَرْق (šarq) or شُرُوق (šurūq))

1. to rise (of the sun)
2. to shine
3. to become tall (of a tree, etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of شَرَقَ (I, sound, a ~ u, no passive, verbal nouns شَرْق, شُرُوق)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						شَرْق, شُرُوق šarq, šurūq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						شَارِق šāriq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَرَقْتُ šaraqtu	شَرَقْتَ šaraqta	شَرَقَ šaraqa		شَرَقْتُمَا šaraqtumā	شَرَقَا šaraqā		شَرَقْنَا šaraqnā	شَرَقْتُمْ šaraqtum	شَرَقُوا šaraqū
	f		شَرَقْتِ šaraqti	شَرَقَتْ šaraqat			شَرَقَتَا šaraqatā			شَرَقْتُنَّ šaraqtunna	شَرَقْنَ šaraqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشْرُقُ ʔašruqu	تَشْرُقُ tašruqu	يَشْرُقُ yašruqu		تَشْرُقَانِ tašruqāni	يَشْرُقَانِ yašruqāni		نَشْرُقُ našruqu	تَشْرُقُونَ tašruqūna	يَشْرُقُونَ yašruqūna
	f		تَشْرُقِينَ tašruqīna	تَشْرُقُ tašruqu			تَشْرُقَانِ tašruqāni			تَشْرُقْنَ tašruqna	يَشْرُقْنَ yašruqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشْرُقَ ʔašruqa	تَشْرُقَ tašruqa	يَشْرُقَ yašruqa		تَشْرُقَا tašruqā	يَشْرُقَا yašruqā		نَشْرُقَ našruqa	تَشْرُقُوا tašruqū	يَشْرُقُوا yašruqū
	f		تَشْرُقِي tašruqī	تَشْرُقَ tašruqa			تَشْرُقَا tašruqā			تَشْرُقْنَ tašruqna	يَشْرُقْنَ yašruqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشْرُقْ ʔašruq	تَشْرُقْ tašruq	يَشْرُقْ yašruq		تَشْرُقَا tašruqā	يَشْرُقَا yašruqā		نَشْرُقْ našruq	تَشْرُقُوا tašruqū	يَشْرُقُوا yašruqū
	f		تَشْرُقِي tašruqī	تَشْرُقْ tašruq			تَشْرُقَا tašruqā			تَشْرُقْنَ tašruqna	يَشْرُقْنَ yašruqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُشْرُقْ ušruq			اُشْرُقَا ušruqā				اُشْرُقُوا ušruqū
	f		اُشْرُقِي ušruqī							اُشْرُقْنَ ušruqna

Etymology 2.1

Verb

شَرِقَ • (šariqa) I (non-past يَشْرَقُ (yašraqu), verbal noun شَرَق (šaraq))

1. to become lit from the sun (of a place)
2. to become dry due to lack of irrigation (of land)
3. to become full and cramped (of a space)
4. to appear (in one's eye, of blood; i.e. the eyes become bloodshot)
5. to choke [with بِ (bi) ‘on something’]
   • Al-Mutanabbi:

     وَمَا شَرَقِي بِالْمَاءِ إِلَّا تَذَكُّرًا / لِمَاءٍ بِهِ أَهْلُ الْحَبِيبِ نُزُولُ
     يُحَرِّمُهُ لَمْعُ الْأَسِنَّةِ فَوْقَهُ / فَلْيْسَ لِظَمْآنٍ إِلَيْهِ وُصُولُ

     wamā šaraqī bi-l-māʔi ʔillā taḏakkuran / limāʔin bihī ʔahlu l-ḥabībi nuzūlu
     yuḥarrimuhū lamʕu l-ʔasinnati fawqahū / falysa liẓamʔānin ʔilayhi wuṣūlu

     Water does not choke me except [at the time of] remembrance / It was for water that the Household of the Beloved descended

6. to turn red (of dates, one's face, etc.)
7. to become confused, to become mixed up (of a thing)
8. to come [with مَا بَينَ ‘between people’] (of discord, evil, etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of شَرِقَ (I, sound, i ~ a, impersonal passive, verbal noun شَرَق)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						شَرَق šaraq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						شَرِق šariq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَشْرُوق mašrūq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَرِقْتُ šariqtu	شَرِقْتَ šariqta	شَرِقَ šariqa		شَرِقْتُمَا šariqtumā	شَرِقَا šariqā		شَرِقْنَا šariqnā	شَرِقْتُمْ šariqtum	شَرِقُوا šariqū
	f		شَرِقْتِ šariqti	شَرِقَتْ šariqat			شَرِقَتَا šariqatā			شَرِقْتُنَّ šariqtunna	شَرِقْنَ šariqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشْرَقُ ʔašraqu	تَشْرَقُ tašraqu	يَشْرَقُ yašraqu		تَشْرَقَانِ tašraqāni	يَشْرَقَانِ yašraqāni		نَشْرَقُ našraqu	تَشْرَقُونَ tašraqūna	يَشْرَقُونَ yašraqūna
	f		تَشْرَقِينَ tašraqīna	تَشْرَقُ tašraqu			تَشْرَقَانِ tašraqāni			تَشْرَقْنَ tašraqna	يَشْرَقْنَ yašraqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشْرَقَ ʔašraqa	تَشْرَقَ tašraqa	يَشْرَقَ yašraqa		تَشْرَقَا tašraqā	يَشْرَقَا yašraqā		نَشْرَقَ našraqa	تَشْرَقُوا tašraqū	يَشْرَقُوا yašraqū
	f		تَشْرَقِي tašraqī	تَشْرَقَ tašraqa			تَشْرَقَا tašraqā			تَشْرَقْنَ tašraqna	يَشْرَقْنَ yašraqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشْرَقْ ʔašraq	تَشْرَقْ tašraq	يَشْرَقْ yašraq		تَشْرَقَا tašraqā	يَشْرَقَا yašraqā		نَشْرَقْ našraq	تَشْرَقُوا tašraqū	يَشْرَقُوا yašraqū
	f		تَشْرَقِي tašraqī	تَشْرَقْ tašraq			تَشْرَقَا tašraqā			تَشْرَقْنَ tašraqna	يَشْرَقْنَ yašraqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِشْرَقْ išraq			اِشْرَقَا išraqā				اِشْرَقُوا išraqū
	f		اِشْرَقِي išraqī							اِشْرَقْنَ išraqna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	شُرِقَ šuriqa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُشْرَقُ yušraqu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُشْرَقَ yušraqa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُشْرَقْ yušraq		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Etymology 2.2

Noun

شَرَق • (šaraq) m

1. verbal noun of شَرِقَ (šariqa) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun شَرَق (šaraq)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَرَق šaraq	الشَّرَق aš-šaraq	شَرَق šaraq
nominative	شَرَقٌ šaraqun	الشَّرَقُ aš-šaraqu	شَرَقُ šaraqu
accusative	شَرَقًا šaraqan	الشَّرَقَ aš-šaraqa	شَرَقَ šaraqa
genitive	شَرَقٍ šaraqin	الشَّرَقِ aš-šaraqi	شَرَقِ šaraqi

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “شرق”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Azerbaijani

Noun

شرق

1. Arabic spelling of şərq

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ش ر ق
3 terms

Etymology 1

Inherited from Arabic شَرْق (šarq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃarɡ/

Noun

شرق • (šarg) m

1. east

   Antonym: غرب (ḡarb, “west”)

Coordinate terms

compass points: اِتِّجَاهَات الْبوصَلَة (ittijāhāt al-būṣala):  ^[edit]

شَمَال غَرْب (šamāl ḡarb)	شَمَال (šamāl)	شَمَال شَرْق (šamāl šarg)
غَرْب (ḡarb)		شَرْق (šarg)
جَنُوب غَرْب (janūb ḡarb)	جَنُوب (janūb)	جَنُوب شَرْق (janūb šarg)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Arabic شَرِقَ (šariqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃa.raɡ/

Verb

شرق • (šarag) I (non-past يشرق (yišrag))

1. to cause someone to choke (from food)

   شَرَقْت من الموية ― šaragt min al-mōya ― I choked because of the water

Usage notes

The passive voice اَنْشَرَق (anšarag) and its non-past يِنْشَرِق (yinšarig) are used by more speakers.

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ش ر ق
1 term

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic شَرْق (šarq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃarq/

Noun

شرق • (šarq) m

1. east

Derived terms

• شرقي (šarqi, “eastern”)

See also

compass points:  ^[edit]

	شمال (šamāl)
غرب (ḡarb)		شرق (šarq)
	جنوب (janūb)

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic شَرْق (šarq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃarʔ/
• (Druze, coastal Syria) IPA^(key): /ʃarq/

Noun

شرق • (ʃarʔ) m

1. east

See also

compass points:  ^[edit]

	شمال (šmāl)
غرب (ḡarb)		شرق (šarʔ)
	جنوب (jnūb)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَرْق (šarq, “east, Orient”).

Noun

شرق • (şark) (definite accusative شرقی (şarkı), plural شرقلر (şarklar))

1. east, orient, the part of the horizon where the sun first appears in the morning

   Synonyms: خوار (haver), طوغی (doğu), مشرق (meşrik)

Derived terms

• شرق اهالیسی (şark ehâlisi, “Levantine”)
• شرق جنوبی (şark-ı cenubî, “south-east”)
• شرق روزكاری (şark rüzgârı, “eastern wind”)
• شرق شمالی (şark-ı şimâlî, “north-east”)
• شرق مالی (şark malı, “eastern goods”)
• شرقاً (şarkan, “eastward”)
• شرقستان (şarkıstan, “eastern countries of the world”)
• شرقی (şarkî, “eastern, oriental”)

Descendants

• Turkish: şark

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “شرق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 143
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “şark”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4434
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “şark”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎ [Ottoman–Turkish Encyclopedic Dictionary]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1172
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “شرق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 725
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Oriens”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1220
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “شرق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2803
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “şark”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “شرق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1122

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَرْق (šarq).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʃarq/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäɾq]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäɾq]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃäɾq]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃäɾq]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃæɹɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäɾq]

• Rhymes: -arq

Readings
Classical reading?	šarq
Dari reading?	šarq
Iranian reading?	šarġ
Tajik reading?	šarq

Noun

شرق • (šarq / šarġ) (Tajik spelling шарқ)

1. the east

   Synonym: خاور (xāwar / xâvar)

Coordinate terms

compass points: جهت قطب‌نما (jehât-e ġotb-namâ):  ^[edit]

	اپاختر (apâxtar)
باختر (bâxtar)		خاور (xâvar)
	نیمروز (nimruz)

Derived terms

• شرقی (šarqī / šarġi)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ش ر ق
1 term

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic شَرْق (šarq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Urban) /ʃarʔ/, [ʃarʔ]
• IPA^(key): (Bedouin) /ʃarɡ/, [ʃarɡ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

شرق • (šarq) m

1. east

Derived terms

• شرقي (šarʔi, “eastern”)

See also

compass points:  ^[edit]

	شمال (šamāl)
غرب (ḡarb)		شرق (šarq)
	جنوب (janūb)