شرق

See also: سرف, شرف, سرق, and سرڤ

Arabic

Root
ش ر ق (š r q)
9 terms

Etymology 1.1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃarq/
Audio: (file)

Noun

شَرْق • (šarq) m

east; Orient

Declension

Declension of noun **شَرْق** (šarq)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَرْق šarq	الشَّرْق aš-šarq	شَرْق šarq
nominative	شَرْقٌ šarqun	الشَّرْقُ aš-šarqu	شَرْقُ šarqu
accusative	شَرْقًا šarqan	الشَّرْقَ aš-šarqa	شَرْقَ šarqa
genitive	شَرْقٍ šarqin	الشَّرْقِ aš-šarqi	شَرْقِ šarqi

Coordinate terms

compass points: اِتِّجَاهَات الْبَوْصَلَةِ (ittijāhāt al-bawṣalati): ^[edit]

شَمَال غَرْبِيّ (šamāl ḡarbiyy)	شَمَال (šamāl)	شَمَال شَرْقِيّ (šamāl šarqiyy)
غَرْب (ḡarb)		شَرْق (šarq)
جَنُوب غَرْبِيّ (janūb ḡarbiyy)	جَنُوب (janūb)	جَنُوب شَرْقِيّ (janūb šarqiyy)

Descendants

Azerbaijani: şərq
Bashkir: шәреҡ (şəreq)
Pashto: شرق (šarq)
Persian: شرق (šarq)
Tajik: шарқ (šarq)
→ Ottoman Turkish: شرق
> Turkish: şark (inherited)
Uzbek: sharq

Etymology 1.2

Verb

شَرَقَ • (šaraqa) I (non-past يَشْرُقُ (yašruqu), verbal noun شَرْق (šarq) or شُرُوق (šurūq))

to rise (of the sun)
to shine
to become tall (of a tree, etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of شَرَقَ (I, sound, a ~ u, no passive, verbal nouns شَرْق, شُرُوق)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					شَرْق, شُرُوق šarq, šurūq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					شَارِق šāriq
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَرَقْتُ šaraqtu	شَرَقْتَ šaraqta	شَرَقَ šaraqa	شَرَقْتُمَا šaraqtumā	شَرَقَا šaraqā	شَرَقْنَا šaraqnā	شَرَقْتُمْ šaraqtum	شَرَقُوا šaraqū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	شَرَقْتُ šaraqtu	شَرَقْتِ šaraqti	شَرَقَتْ šaraqat	شَرَقْتُمَا šaraqtumā	شَرَقَتَا šaraqatā	شَرَقْنَا šaraqnā	شَرَقْتُنَّ šaraqtunna	شَرَقْنَ šaraqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشْرُقُ ʔašruqu	تَشْرُقُ tašruqu	يَشْرُقُ yašruqu	تَشْرُقَانِ tašruqāni	يَشْرُقَانِ yašruqāni	نَشْرُقُ našruqu	تَشْرُقُونَ tašruqūna	يَشْرُقُونَ yašruqūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَشْرُقُ ʔašruqu	تَشْرُقِينَ tašruqīna	تَشْرُقُ tašruqu	تَشْرُقَانِ tašruqāni	تَشْرُقَانِ tašruqāni	نَشْرُقُ našruqu	تَشْرُقْنَ tašruqna	يَشْرُقْنَ yašruqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشْرُقَ ʔašruqa	تَشْرُقَ tašruqa	يَشْرُقَ yašruqa	تَشْرُقَا tašruqā	يَشْرُقَا yašruqā	نَشْرُقَ našruqa	تَشْرُقُوا tašruqū	يَشْرُقُوا yašruqū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَشْرُقَ ʔašruqa	تَشْرُقِي tašruqī	تَشْرُقَ tašruqa	تَشْرُقَا tašruqā	تَشْرُقَا tašruqā	نَشْرُقَ našruqa	تَشْرُقْنَ tašruqna	يَشْرُقْنَ yašruqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشْرُقْ ʔašruq	تَشْرُقْ tašruq	يَشْرُقْ yašruq	تَشْرُقَا tašruqā	يَشْرُقَا yašruqā	نَشْرُقْ našruq	تَشْرُقُوا tašruqū	يَشْرُقُوا yašruqū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَشْرُقْ ʔašruq	تَشْرُقِي tašruqī	تَشْرُقْ tašruq	تَشْرُقَا tašruqā	تَشْرُقَا tašruqā	نَشْرُقْ našruq	تَشْرُقْنَ tašruqna	يَشْرُقْنَ yašruqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُشْرُقْ ušruq		اُشْرُقَا ušruqā			اُشْرُقُوا ušruqū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اُشْرُقِي ušruqī		اُشْرُقَا ušruqā			اُشْرُقْنَ ušruqna

Etymology 2.1

Verb

شَرِقَ • (šariqa) I (non-past يَشْرَقُ (yašraqu), verbal noun شَرَق (šaraq))

to become lit from the sun (of a place)
to become dry due to lack of irrigation (of land)
to become full and cramped (of a space)
to appear (in one's eye, of blood; i.e. the eyes become bloodshot)
to choke [with بِ (bi) ‘on something’]
- Al-Mutanabbi:
  وَمَا شَرَقِي بِالْمَاءِ إِلَّا تَذَكُّرًا / لِمَاءٍ بِهِ أَهْلُ الْحَبِيبِ نُزُولُ
  يُحَرِّمُهُ لَمْعُ الْأَسِنَّةِ فَوْقَهُ / فَلْيْسَ لِظَمْآنٍ إِلَيْهِ وُصُولُ
  wamā šaraqī bi-l-māʔi ʔillā taḏakkuran / limāʔin bihī ʔahlu l-ḥabībi nuzūlu
  yuḥarrimuhū lamʕu l-ʔasinnati fawqahū / falysa liẓamʔānin ʔilayhi wuṣūlu
  Water does not choke me except [at the time of] remembrance / It was for water that the Household of the Beloved descended
to turn red (of dates, one's face, etc.)
to become confused, to become mixed up (of a thing)
to come [with مَا بَينَ ‘between people’] (of discord, evil, etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of شَرِقَ (I, sound, i ~ a, impersonal passive, verbal noun شَرَق)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					شَرَق šaraq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					شَرِق šariq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَشْرُوق mašrūq
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَرِقْتُ šariqtu	شَرِقْتَ šariqta	شَرِقَ šariqa	شَرِقْتُمَا šariqtumā	شَرِقَا šariqā	شَرِقْنَا šariqnā	شَرِقْتُمْ šariqtum	شَرِقُوا šariqū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	شَرِقْتُ šariqtu	شَرِقْتِ šariqti	شَرِقَتْ šariqat	شَرِقْتُمَا šariqtumā	شَرِقَتَا šariqatā	شَرِقْنَا šariqnā	شَرِقْتُنَّ šariqtunna	شَرِقْنَ šariqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشْرَقُ ʔašraqu	تَشْرَقُ tašraqu	يَشْرَقُ yašraqu	تَشْرَقَانِ tašraqāni	يَشْرَقَانِ yašraqāni	نَشْرَقُ našraqu	تَشْرَقُونَ tašraqūna	يَشْرَقُونَ yašraqūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَشْرَقُ ʔašraqu	تَشْرَقِينَ tašraqīna	تَشْرَقُ tašraqu	تَشْرَقَانِ tašraqāni	تَشْرَقَانِ tašraqāni	نَشْرَقُ našraqu	تَشْرَقْنَ tašraqna	يَشْرَقْنَ yašraqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشْرَقَ ʔašraqa	تَشْرَقَ tašraqa	يَشْرَقَ yašraqa	تَشْرَقَا tašraqā	يَشْرَقَا yašraqā	نَشْرَقَ našraqa	تَشْرَقُوا tašraqū	يَشْرَقُوا yašraqū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَشْرَقَ ʔašraqa	تَشْرَقِي tašraqī	تَشْرَقَ tašraqa	تَشْرَقَا tašraqā	تَشْرَقَا tašraqā	نَشْرَقَ našraqa	تَشْرَقْنَ tašraqna	يَشْرَقْنَ yašraqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشْرَقْ ʔašraq	تَشْرَقْ tašraq	يَشْرَقْ yašraq	تَشْرَقَا tašraqā	يَشْرَقَا yašraqā	نَشْرَقْ našraq	تَشْرَقُوا tašraqū	يَشْرَقُوا yašraqū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَشْرَقْ ʔašraq	تَشْرَقِي tašraqī	تَشْرَقْ tašraq	تَشْرَقَا tašraqā	تَشْرَقَا tašraqā	نَشْرَقْ našraq	تَشْرَقْنَ tašraqna	يَشْرَقْنَ yašraqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِشْرَقْ išraq		اِشْرَقَا išraqā			اِشْرَقُوا išraqū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِشْرَقِي išraqī		اِشْرَقَا išraqā			اِشْرَقْنَ išraqna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	شُرِقَ šuriqa	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُشْرَقُ yušraqu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُشْرَقَ yušraqa	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُشْرَقْ yušraq	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Etymology 2.2

Noun

شَرَق • (šaraq) m

verbal noun of شَرِقَ (šariqa) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun **شَرَق** (šaraq)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَرَق šaraq	الشَّرَق aš-šaraq	شَرَق šaraq
nominative	شَرَقٌ šaraqun	الشَّرَقُ aš-šaraqu	شَرَقُ šaraqu
accusative	شَرَقًا šaraqan	الشَّرَقَ aš-šaraqa	شَرَقَ šaraqa
genitive	شَرَقٍ šaraqin	الشَّرَقِ aš-šaraqi	شَرَقِ šaraqi

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “شرق”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Azerbaijani

Noun

شرق

Arabic spelling of şərq

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ش ر ق
3 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic شَرْق (šarq).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃarɡ/

Noun

شرق • (šarg) m

east
Antonym: غرب (ḡarb, “west”)

Coordinate terms

compass points: اِتِّجَاهَات الْبوصَلَة (ittijāhāt al-būṣala): ^[edit]

شَمَال غَرْب (šamāl ḡarb)	شَمَال (šamāl)	شَمَال شَرْق (šamāl šarg)
غَرْب (ḡarb)		شَرْق (šarg)
جَنُوب غَرْب (janūb ḡarb)	جَنُوب (janūb)	جَنُوب شَرْق (janūb šarg)

Etymology 2

From Arabic شَرِقَ (šariqa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃa.raɡ/

Verb

شرق • (šarag) I (non-past يشرق (yišrag))

to cause someone to choke (from food)
شَرَقْت من الموية ― šaragt min al-mōya ― I choked because of the water

Usage notes

The passive voice اَنْشَرَق (anšarag) and its non-past يِنْشَرِق (yinšarig) are used by more speakers.

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ش ر ق
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic شَرْق (šarq).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃarq/

Noun

شرق • (šarq) m

east

Derived terms

شرقي (šarqi, “eastern”)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَرْق (šarq, “east, Orient”).

Noun

شرق • (şark) (definite accusative شرقی (şarkı), plural شرقلر (şarklar))

east, orient, the part of the horizon where the sun first appears in the morning
Synonyms: خوار (haver), طوغی (doğu), مشرق (meşrik)

Derived terms

شرق اهالیسی (şark ehâlisi, “Levantine”)
شرق جنوبی (şark-ı cenubî, “south-east”)
شرق روزكاری (şark rüzgârı, “eastern wind”)
شرق شمالی (şark-ı şimâlî, “north-east”)
شرق مالی (şark malı, “eastern goods”)
شرقاً (şarkan, “eastward”)
شرقستان (şarkıstan, “eastern countries of the world”)
شرقی (şarkî, “eastern, oriental”)

Descendants

Turkish: şark

Persian

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:

شرق

Wikipedia ^fa

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَرْق (šarq).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃaɾq]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäɾq]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃäɾq]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃäɾq]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃæɹɢ̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäɾq]

Readings
Classical reading^?	šarq
Dari reading^?	šarq
Iranian reading^?	šarğ
Tajik reading^?	šarq

Noun

شرق • (šarq)

east
Synonym: خاور (xâvar)

Derived terms

شرقی (šarqi)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ش ر ق
1 term

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic شَرْق (šarq).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Urban) /ʃarʔ/, [ʃarʔ]
IPA^(key): (Bedouin) /ʃarɡ/, [ʃarɡ]
Audio (Ramallah): (file)

Noun

شرق • (šarq) m

east

Derived terms

شرقي (šarʔi, “eastern”)

	شمال (šamāl)
غرب (ḡarb)		شرق (šarq)
	جنوب (janūb)

	شمال (šamāl)
غرب (ḡarb)		شرق (šarq)
	جنوب (janūb)

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Coordinate terms

Descendants

Etymology 1.2

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 2.1

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 2.2

Noun

Declension

References

Azerbaijani

Noun

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Coordinate terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Usage notes

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Persian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also