عنب

See also: عنت and غنت

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ع ن ب (ʕ n b), from Proto-Semitic *ʿanbab- (“fruit, flower, shoot”), ultimately Proto-Afroasiatic *ʿanbab- (“plant, flower”). Akin to Arabic عُنَّاب (ʕunnāb, “jujube”), Hebrew עֵנָב (ʿēnāḇ, “grape”), Hebrew עֲנָבָה (ʿănāḇā), Aramaic עֲנָבָא (ʿănnāḇā, “stalk of grapes”), עִנְּבָא (ʿinneḇā, “cluster of grapes”), עִנְבְּתָא (ʿinbəṯā, “berry”), Classical Syriac ܥܷܢܒ݂݁ܳܬܐ (ʿinbəṯā, “berry”), Ugaritic 𐎙𐎐𐎁 (ġnb, “grape(s)”), Sabaean 𐩲𐩬𐩨 (ʿnb, “vineyard”), Ge'ez ሕንባብ (ḥənbab), ሕባብ (ḥəbab, “grape; grain”), and thus حَبّ (ḥabb, “seed”), and Akkadian 𒄧 (inbum, “fruit”) with its many derivatives.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕi.nab/
  • (Morocco) IPA^(key): /ʕi.nab/, /ʕnab/

Noun

عِنَب • (ʕinab) m (collective, singulative عِنَبَة f (ʕinaba), plural أَعْنَاب (ʔaʕnāb))

1. (collective) grapes

Declension

Declension of noun عِنَب (ʕinab)

collective	basic collective triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عِنَب ʕinab	الْعِنَب al-ʕinab	عِنَب ʕinab
nominative	عِنَبٌ ʕinabun	الْعِنَبُ al-ʕinabu	عِنَبُ ʕinabu
accusative	عِنَبًا ʕinaban	الْعِنَبَ al-ʕinaba	عِنَبَ ʕinaba
genitive	عِنَبٍ ʕinabin	الْعِنَبِ al-ʕinabi	عِنَبِ ʕinabi
singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عِنَبَة ʕinaba	الْعِنَبَة al-ʕinaba	عِنَبَة ʕinabat
nominative	عِنَبَةٌ ʕinabatun	الْعِنَبَةُ al-ʕinabatu	عِنَبَةُ ʕinabatu
accusative	عِنَبَةً ʕinabatan	الْعِنَبَةَ al-ʕinabata	عِنَبَةَ ʕinabata
genitive	عِنَبَةٍ ʕinabatin	الْعِنَبَةِ al-ʕinabati	عِنَبَةِ ʕinabati
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عِنَبَتَيْن ʕinabatayn	الْعِنَبَتَيْن al-ʕinabatayn	عِنَبَتَيْ ʕinabatay
nominative	عِنَبَتَانِ ʕinabatāni	الْعِنَبَتَانِ al-ʕinabatāni	عِنَبَتَا ʕinabatā
accusative	عِنَبَتَيْنِ ʕinabatayni	الْعِنَبَتَيْنِ al-ʕinabatayni	عِنَبَتَيْ ʕinabatay
genitive	عِنَبَتَيْنِ ʕinabatayni	الْعِنَبَتَيْنِ al-ʕinabatayni	عِنَبَتَيْ ʕinabatay
paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عِنَبَات ʕinabāt	الْعِنَبَات al-ʕinabāt	عِنَبَات ʕinabāt
nominative	عِنَبَاتٌ ʕinabātun	الْعِنَبَاتُ al-ʕinabātu	عِنَبَاتُ ʕinabātu
accusative	عِنَبَاتٍ ʕinabātin	الْعِنَبَاتِ al-ʕinabāti	عِنَبَاتِ ʕinabāti
genitive	عِنَبَاتٍ ʕinabātin	الْعِنَبَاتِ al-ʕinabāti	عِنَبَاتِ ʕinabāti
plural of variety	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَعْنَاب ʔaʕnāb	الْأَعْنَاب al-ʔaʕnāb	أَعْنَاب ʔaʕnāb
nominative	أَعْنَابٌ ʔaʕnābun	الْأَعْنَابُ al-ʔaʕnābu	أَعْنَابُ ʔaʕnābu
accusative	أَعْنَابًا ʔaʕnāban	الْأَعْنَابَ al-ʔaʕnāba	أَعْنَابَ ʔaʕnāba
genitive	أَعْنَابٍ ʔaʕnābin	الْأَعْنَابِ al-ʔaʕnābi	أَعْنَابِ ʔaʕnābi

Derived terms

• عُنَّاب (ʕunnāb, “jujube”)

Descendants

• Maltese: għeneb
• → Amharic: ዒነብ (ʿinäb)
• → Hausa: inàbī
• → Ottoman Turkish: عنب (ineb)
• → Persian: عنب ('enab)
• → Tigre: ዕነብ (ʿənäb)
• → Urdu: عنب (ineb)

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic عِنَب (ʕinab).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕu.nab/, [ʕʊ.nab]

Noun

عنب • (ʕunab) m (collective, singulative عُنَبَة f (ʕunaba))

1. (uncountable) grapes

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عِنَب (ʕinab, “grapes”), from Proto-Semitic *ʿanbab- (“fruit, flower, shoot”).

Noun

عنب • (ʼineb) (definite accusative عنبی (ʼinebi), plural اعناب (eʼnâb))

1. grape, a small, round, smooth-skinned edible fruit of the genus Vitis, that grows in bunches on vines

   Synonyms: انكور (engûr), اوزوم (üzüm)

Derived terms

• عنب الثعلب (ʼinebüʼs-saʼleb, “common nightshade”)
• عنب الحیه (ʼinebüʼl-hayye, “bittersweet nightshade”)
• عنب الدب (ʼinebüʼd-düb, “bearberry”)
• عنب الذنب (ʼinebüʼl-zeneb, “common nightshade”)
• عنب بنت (ʼineb-i bint, “wine”, literally “daughter of the grape”)
• عنبه (ʼinebe, “grape berry”)
• عنبی (ʼinebî, “grapey”)

Descendants

• Turkish: ineb

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “ineb”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2176
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “ineb”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 521
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “عنب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 861
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Uva”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1799
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “عنب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 3338
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “عنب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1324

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عِنَب (ʕinab).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔi.ˈnab/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪ.náb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪ.náb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪ.náb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔi.náb̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔe.nǽb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔi.náb]

Readings
Classical reading?	inab
Dari reading?	inab
Iranian reading?	enab
Tajik reading?	inab

Noun

عنب • (enab)

1. grape

   Synonym: انگور (angur)

   • c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 329”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎^[6]:

     مستی به آب یک دو عنب وضع بنده نیست
     من سالخورده پیر خرابات پرورم

     mastī ba āb-i yak du inab waz'-i banda nēst
     man sālxwarda pīr-i xarābāt parwaram

     Being drunk from the juice of a grape or two is not my condition;
     I am a venerable old man who was brought up in the taverns.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “عنب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic عِنَب (ʕinab).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕi.nib/, [ˈʕɪ.neb]
• IPA^(key): /ʕu.nub/, [ˈʕʊ.nob]

• Audio (Bethlehem):

  (file)

Noun

عنب • (ʕineb, ʕunob) m (collective, singulative عنبة f (ʕinbe, ʕunbe))

1. (uncountable) grapes

   عنبة / حبة عنب ― ʕinbe / ḥabbet ʕineb ― a grape

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عِنَب (ʕinab).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɪ.neːb/

Noun

عِنَب • ('inab) m (Hindi spelling इनब)

1. grape (fruit)

   Synonym: انگور (angūr)

2. black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)