قند

Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Persian کندbor.

Arabic قند

From Persian کند (kand, “candied sugar”), from Sanskrit खण्ड (khaṇḍa, “scrap, broken piece, candied sugar, dried molasses”).

Noun

قَنْد • (qand) m (plural قُنُود (qunūd))

1. rock sugar (originally: the solidified sap of the sugarcane)

Declension

Declension of noun قَنْد (qand)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	قَنْد qand	الْقَنْد al-qand	قَنْد qand
nominative	قَنْدٌ qandun	الْقَنْدُ al-qandu	قَنْدُ qandu
accusative	قَنْدًا qandan	الْقَنْدَ al-qanda	قَنْدَ qanda
genitive	قَنْدٍ qandin	الْقَنْدِ al-qandi	قَنْدِ qandi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	قَنْدَيْن qandayn	الْقَنْدَيْن al-qandayn	قَنْدَيْ qanday
nominative	قَنْدَانِ qandāni	الْقَنْدَانِ al-qandāni	قَنْدَا qandā
accusative	قَنْدَيْنِ qandayni	الْقَنْدَيْنِ al-qandayni	قَنْدَيْ qanday
genitive	قَنْدَيْنِ qandayni	الْقَنْدَيْنِ al-qandayni	قَنْدَيْ qanday
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	قُنُود qunūd	الْقُنُود al-qunūd	قُنُود qunūd
nominative	قُنُودٌ qunūdun	الْقُنُودُ al-qunūdu	قُنُودُ qunūdu
accusative	قُنُودًا qunūdan	الْقُنُودَ al-qunūda	قُنُودَ qunūda
genitive	قُنُودٍ qunūdin	الْقُنُودِ al-qunūdi	قُنُودِ qunūdi

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: قند (kand)
• → Persian: قند (qand)
  • → Gulf Arabic: قند (qand)
• ⇒ Old French: sucre candi
  • → Middle English: candy
    • English: candy, candee, candie, candil, kandy
      • → Cebuano: kendi
      • → Hindi: कैंडी (kaiṇḍī)
      • → Hopi: kyenti
      • → Japanese: キャンディ (kyandi)
      • → Kashubian: kindus (United States)
      • → Korean: 캔디 (kaendi)
      • → Tagalog: kendi
      • → Unami: kèntis

Chagatai

Etymology

From Persian کند (kand, “candied sugar”), from Sanskrit खण्ड (khaṇḍa, “scrap, broken piece, candied sugar, dried molasses”).

Noun

قند • (qand) (uncountable)

1. sugar
2. sugar cube

Gulf Arabic

چاي وقند (tea and sugar cube(s))

Etymology

From Persian قند (qand), from Classical Arabic قَنْد (qand).

Pronunciation

• (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /qənd/, (q-ʁ merger) /ʁənd/

Noun

قَنْد • (qand) m (collective, singulative قَنْدة (qanda), plural قَنْدات (qandāt))

1. sugar cube

Usage notes

The word can be used with حَبّة (ḥabba, “piece”) to indicate number of pieces, for example: حطلي حبتين قند بالچاي (ḥiṭli ḥabbitēn qand bič-čāy, “Put two pieces of sugar cube in the tea for me”). Alternatively, regular plural (and dual) can be used, eg: حطلي قندتين بالچاي (ḥiṭli qanditēn bič-čāy, “Put two sugar cubes in the tea for me”). Finally, the word can be used as is preceded by a number, ex: حطلي اثنين قند بالچاي (ḥiṭli aṯnēn qand bič-čāy, “Put two sugar cube in the tea for me”).

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic قَنْد (qand, “rock sugar”), from Persian کند (kand, “candied sugar”), from Sanskrit खण्ड (khaṇḍa, “scrap, broken piece, candied sugar, dried molasses”).

Noun

قند • (kand)

1. rock sugar, sugar candy, crystals of sucrose

Derived terms

• قندی (kandi, “made of sugar candy”)

Further reading

• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “قند”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 973
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “قند”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[2], Vienna, columns 3767–3768
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “قند”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1477

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَنْد (qand), displacing older کند (kand) or کاند (kând).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈqand/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qän̪d̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qän̪d̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [qän̪d̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [qän̪d̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qæn̪d̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [qän̪d̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	qand
Dari reading?	qand
Iranian reading?	ġand
Tajik reading?	qand

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

قند • (qand) (plural قندها)

1. sugar cube

Derived terms

• قندی (qandi)
• قندان (qandân)
• کله‌قند (kalle-qand)
• چغندر قند (čoġondar-e qand)

Descendants

• → Gulf Arabic: قند (qand)