کول

See also: كول and گول

Central Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʊl/

Adjective

کول (kul)

1. blunt, dull

Derived terms

• کولی (kulî)

Chagatai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kȫl (“lake”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰠 (köl), Azerbaijani göl, Bashkir күл (kül), Chuvash кӳлӗ (külĕ), Kazakh көл (köl), Kyrgyz көл (köl), Tatar күл (kül), Turkmen kȫl, Uyghur كۆل (köl), Uzbek koʻl and Yakut күөл (küöl).

Noun

کول • (köl) (plural کوللار)

1. lake

Mazanderani

Etymology 1

Compare Central Kurdish کول (kul).

Noun

کول (kul)

1. tree bark
2. skin

Etymology 2

Compare Persian کوه, Arabic قلة.

Noun

کول (kul)

1. hill

Derived terms

• کولاب (kulāb, “wave”)

Etymology 3

present stem of Mazanderani کول بموئن (kul bemu'en, “to ferment, to boil”)

Noun

کول (kul)

1. boiling

Pashto

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaˈwəl/
• (dialectal) IPA^(key): /koːl/

Verb

کول • (kawә́l) (present imperfect stem کو (kaw), present perfect stem کړ (k(ṙ)), past perfect stem کړ (kṙ))

1. to do, make

Usage notes

The ړ is not always pronounced in present perfective forms in colloquial speech, but in some dialects and formal speaking it is always pronounced.

Conjugation

Conjugation of کول

		singular					plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				m	f				m	f
		زۀ	تۀ	دی / هغه	دا / هغه		موږ	تاسې	دوی / هغوی
present	imperfective	کوم (kawә́m)	کوې (kawe)	کوي (kawí)			کوو (kawú)	کوﺉ (kawә́i)	کوي (kawí)
	perfective	کړم (kəm)	کړې (ke)	کړي (ki)			کړو (ku)	کړﺉ (kəi)	کړي (ki)
past	imperfective	کولم (kawә́ləm)	کولې (kawә́le)	کاوۀ (kāwә́)	کوله (kawә́la)		کولو (kawә́lu)	کولﺉ (kawә́ləi)	کول / کولۀ (kawә́lə / kawә́l)	کولې (kawә́le)
	perfective	کړم / کړلم (kṛələm / kṛəm)	کړې / کړلې (kṛəle / kṛe)	کړ (kə / kṛ)	کړه / کړله (kṛəla / kṛa)		کړو / کړلو (kṛəlu / kṛu)	کړﺉ / کړلﺉ (kṛələi / kṛəi)	کړلۀ / کړل (kṛəl/ kṛələ)	کړلې (kṛəle)

Command form conjugation of کول

	2nd person
	singular	plural
	تۀ	تاسو
Positive
	وکړه (wë ka)	وکړئ (wë kəi)
Negative
	مه کوه (mә́ këwa)	مه کوئ (mә́ këwәi)

Related terms

• کېدل (kedël) (intransitive)

Further reading

• Pashto-English Dictionary, Qamosona.com
• Raverty, H. G. (Henry George). A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues. Second edition, with considerable additions. London: Williams and Norgate, 1867

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐫐𐫇𐫓 (kwl /⁠kōl⁠/, “pit, sink”). Related to کولیدن (kulidan, “to dig, furrow”).

The sense 'lake' probably from a Turkic source, compare Uzbek koʻl (“lake”), Kazakh көл (köl, “lake”), Bashkir күл (kül, “lake”), from Proto-Turkic *kȫl (“lake”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈkoːl/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰoːl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰoːl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰoːl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰʊːl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰuːl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɵl]

Readings
Classical reading?	kōl
Dari reading?	kōl
Iranian reading?	kul
Tajik reading?	kül

Noun

کول • (kōl / kul) (Tajik spelling кӯл)

1. ditch
2. pond
3. reservoir
4. lake

Synonyms

• کولاب (kôlâb)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʰuːl]

Noun

کول • (kul)

1. shoulder
2. back

Derived terms

• کوله (kule)

Punjabi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Punjabi ਕੋਲਿ (koli), from Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀮 (kōla), from Sanskrit कोल (kōlá).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /koːl/, /koːɭ/

Adjective

کول or کوࣇ • (kol or koḷ) (indeclinable, Gurmukhi spelling ਕੋਲ or ਕੋਲ਼)

1. close, near

Adverb

کول or کوࣇ • (kol or koḷ) (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੋਲ or ਕੋਲ਼)

1. (دے (de) ~) near, close to, by; belonging to, of; being in one's possession or vicinity.

Postposition

کول or کوࣇ • (kol or koḷ) (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੋਲ or ਕੋਲ਼)

1. belonging to, of (ie. being in one's possession or in the vicinity of)
2. near, close
3. to, by

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “کول”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz]
• Bashir, Kanwal (2012), “کول”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
• “ਕੋਲ਼”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “krōḍá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 187