आत्मा

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɑːt̪.mɑː/, [äːt̪.mäː]

Noun

आत्मा • (ātmā) f

1. soul, spirit, self

   Synonyms: रूह (rūh), भूत (bhūt)

   उनकी आत्मा को शांति मिलें।

   unkī ātmā ko śānti milẽ.

   May her soul rest in peace.

2. mind, consciousness
3. (Hinduism, Sikhism) supreme Spirit, paramatman

   Synonym: परमात्मा (parmātmā)

Declension

Declension of आत्मा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	आत्मा ātmā	आत्माएँ ātmāẽ
oblique	आत्मा ātmā	आत्माओं ātmāõ
vocative	आत्मा ātmā	आत्माओ ātmāo

Derived terms

• परमात्मा (parmātmā)
• पवित्र आत्मा (pavitra ātmā)
• महात्मा (mahātmā)

 

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “आत्मा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi आत्मा (ātmā), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /at̪.ma/

Noun

आत्मा • (ātmā) m

1. soul, spirit

   Synonym: चैतन्य (caitanya)

2. self

   Synonym: स्वत्व (svatva)

3. consciousness

   Synonyms: चेतना (cetnā), देहभान (dehbhān)

4. (Hinduism) the supreme soul of the universe

Declension

Declension of आत्मा (masc ā-stem)
direct singular	आत्मा ātmā
direct plural	आत्मे ātme
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	आत्मा ātmā		आत्मे ātme
oblique सामान्यरूप	आत्म्या ātmyā		आत्म्यां- ātmyān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	आत्म्याला ātmyālā		आत्म्यांना ātmyānnā
ergative	आत्म्याने, आत्म्यानं ātmyāne, ātmyāna		आत्म्यांनी ātmyānnī
instrumental	आत्म्याशी ātmyāśī		आत्म्यांशी ātmyānśī
locative सप्तमी	आत्म्यात ātmyāt		आत्म्यांत ātmyāt
vocative संबोधन	आत्म्या ātmyā		आत्म्यांनो ātmyānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of आत्मा (masc ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	आत्म्याचा ātmyāċā	आत्म्याचे ātmyāċe	आत्म्याची ātmyācī	आत्म्याच्या ātmyācā	आत्म्याचे, आत्म्याचं ātmyāċe, ātmyāċa	आत्म्याची ātmyācī	आत्म्याच्या ātmyācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	आत्म्यांचा ātmyānċā	आत्म्यांचे ātmyānċe	आत्म्यांची ātmyāñcī	आत्म्यांच्या ātmyāncā	आत्म्यांचे, आत्म्यांचं ātmyānċe, ātmyānċa	आत्म्यांची ātmyāñcī	आत्म्यांच्या ātmyāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “आत्मा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “आत्मा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “आत्मा”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• আত্মা (Assamese script)
• ᬆᬢ᭄ᬫᬵ (Balinese script)
• আত্মা (Bengali script)
• 𑰁𑰝𑰿𑰦𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀆𑀢𑁆𑀫𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• အာတ္မာ (Burmese script)
• આત્મા (Gujarati script)
• ਆਤ੍ਮਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌆𑌤𑍍𑌮𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦴꦠ꧀ꦩꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂄𑂞𑂹𑂧𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಆತ್ಮಾ (Kannada script)
• អាត្មា (Khmer script)
• ອາຕ຺ມາ (Lao script)
• ആത്മാ (Malayalam script)
• ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᠮᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘁𑘝𑘿𑘦𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢗᢐᠮᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦡𑦽𑧠𑧆𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐁𑐟𑑂𑐩𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଆତ୍ମା (Odia script)
• ꢃꢡ꣄ꢪꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆄𑆠𑇀𑆩𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖁𑖝𑖿𑖦𑖯 (Siddham script)
• ආත‍්මා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩛𑩫 𑪙𑩴𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚁𑚙𑚶𑚢𑚭 (Takri script)
• ஆத்மா (Tamil script)
• ఆత్మా (Telugu script)
• อาตฺมา (Thai script)
• ཨཱ་ཏྨཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒂𑒞𑓂𑒧𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨊𑨙𑩇𑨢𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑːt.mɑː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːt̪.mɑː/

Noun

आत्मा • (ātmā)

1. nominative singular of आत्मन् (ātman)

Descendants

• → Indonesian: atma
• → Khmer: អាត្មា (ʼaatmaa)
• → Lao: ອາດຕະມາ (ʼāt ta mā)
• → Thai: อาตมา (àat-dtà-maa)
• ⇒ Tocharian B: ātmadṛṣṭi