आत्मन्

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• त्मन् (tmán)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- +‎ *-mō.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑːt̪.mɐ́n̪/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːt̪.mɐn̪/

Noun

आत्मन् • (ātmán) m

1. breath (RV.)
2. soul, life (RV., AV., etc.)
3. self
4. nature, character
5. a person as a whole, as opposed to their parts (VS., ŚBr.)
6. body
7. mind, understanding
8. the world-soul
9. effort (L.)
10. firmness (L.)
11. sun (L.)
12. fire (L.)
13. son (L.)

Declension

Masculine an-stem declension of आत्मन् (ātmán)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	आत्मा ātmā́	आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹	आत्मानः ātmā́naḥ
Vocative	आत्मन् ātmán	आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ā́tmānau / ā́tmānā¹	आत्मानः ā́tmānaḥ
Accusative	आत्मानम् ātmā́nam	आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹	आत्मनः ātmánaḥ
Instrumental	आत्मना ātmánā	आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām	आत्मभिः ātmábhiḥ
Dative	आत्मने ātmáne	आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām	आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ
Ablative	आत्मनः ātmánaḥ	आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām	आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ
Genitive	आत्मनः ātmánaḥ	आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ	आत्मनाम् ātmánām
Locative	आत्मनि ātmáni	आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ	आत्मसु ātmásu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• महात्मन् (mahātmán)

Pronoun

आत्मन् • (ātmán)

1. (reflexive) a person in the predicate who is also the subject of the sentence

Borrowed terms

• → English: atman
• → Japanese: アートマン (ātoman)
• → Hindi: आत्म- (ātma-)
• → Korean: 아트만 (ateuman)
• → Russian: а́тман (átman)
• → Spanish: atman
• → Telugu: ఆత్మ (ātma)

Descendants

• Dardic: *ātmán
  • Domaaki: [script needed] (āpne)
  • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (amā̃)
  • Kashmiri: [script needed] (pān)
  • Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (toma)
  • Shina: [script needed] (tomu)
  • Torwali: [script needed] (pāe, “he”)
• Helu: [Term?]
  • Dhivehi: ތިމަން‎ (timan)
  • Sinhalese: අත (ata), තමා (tamā)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
  • Assamese: আপোন (apün)
  • Bengali: আপ (ap), আপনি (apni, “you”)
  • Maithili: अपनि (apani)
  • Oriya: ଆପେ (ape)
  • Sylheti: ꠀꠙ꠆ꠘꠦ (afne)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
  • Konkani: आपण (āpaṇa)
  • Marathi: आप (āp), आपण (āpaṇ, “you”)
• Pali: attan, tuma
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā), 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
  • Garhwali: अप्णु (apṇu)
  • Gujarati: આપું (āpũ)
  • Hindustani:

    Hindi: आप (āp, “you”)

    Urdu: آپ‎‎ (āp, “you”)

  • Kumaoni: आप (āp)
  • Nepali: आंत (ā̃ta), आफु (āphu)
  • Punjabi: ਆਪ (āp)
  • Romani: po
  • Sindhi: पाण (pāṇa)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “आत्मन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0135.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ātmán (1135)”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press