आत्मन्

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• त्मन् (tmán)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• আত্মন্ (Assamese script)
• ᬆᬢ᭄ᬫᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
• আত্মন্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰁𑰝𑰿𑰦𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀆𑀢𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• အာတ္မန် (Burmese script)
• આત્મન્ (Gujarati script)
• ਆਤ੍ਮਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌆𑌤𑍍𑌮𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦴꦠ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂄𑂞𑂹𑂧𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಆತ್ಮೝ (Kannada script)
• អាត្មន៑ (Khmer script)
• ອາຕ຺ມນ຺ (Lao script)
• ആത്മന് (Malayalam script)
• ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᠮᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
• 𑘁𑘝𑘿𑘦𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢗᢐᠮᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦡𑦽𑧠𑧆𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐁𑐟𑑂𑐩𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଆତ୍ମନ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢃꢡ꣄ꢪꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆄𑆠𑇀𑆩𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖁𑖝𑖿𑖦𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ආත‍්මන් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩛𑩫 𑪙𑩴𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚁𑚙𑚶𑚢𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஆத்மந் (Tamil script)
• ఆత్మౝ (Telugu script)
• อาตฺมนฺ (Thai script)
• ཨཱ་ཏྨ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒂𑒞𑓂𑒧𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨊𑨙𑩇𑨢𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁t-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁tmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā

Sanskrit आत्मन्

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) +‎ *-mō. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ēþmô (“breath”), Proto-Tocharian *āñcäme (“wish, self, soul”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑːt.mɐ́n/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɑːt̪.mɐn̪/

Noun

आ॒त्मन् • (ātmán) stem, m

1. breath (RV.)
2. soul, life (RV., AV., etc.)
3. self, ego
4. nature, character
5. a person as a whole, as opposed to their parts (VS., ŚBr.)
6. body
7. mind, understanding
8. the world-soul
9. effort (L.)
10. firmness (L.)
11. sun (L.)
12. fire (L.)
13. son (L.)

Declension

Masculine an-stem declension of आ॒त्मन्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आ॒त्मा (ātmā́)	आ॒त्मानौ॑ (ātmā́nau) आ॒त्माना॑¹ (ātmā́nā¹)	आ॒त्मानः॑ (ātmā́naḥ)
accusative	आ॒त्मान॑म् (ātmā́nam)	आ॒त्मानौ॑ (ātmā́nau) आ॒त्माना॑¹ (ātmā́nā¹)	आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ)
instrumental	आ॒त्मना॑ (ātmánā)	आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām)	आ॒त्मभिः॑ (ātmábhiḥ)
dative	आ॒त्मने॑ (ātmáne)	आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām)	आ॒त्मभ्यः॑ (ātmábhyaḥ)
ablative	आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ)	आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām)	आ॒त्मभ्यः॑ (ātmábhyaḥ)
genitive	आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ)	आ॒त्मनोः॑ (ātmánoḥ)	आ॒त्मना॑म् (ātmánām)
locative	आ॒त्मनि॑ (ātmáni) आ॒त्मन्¹ (ātmán¹)	आ॒त्मनोः॑ (ātmánoḥ)	आ॒त्मसु॑ (ātmásu)
vocative	आत्म॑न् (ā́tman)	आत्मा॑नौ (ā́tmānau) आत्मा॑ना¹ (ā́tmānā¹)	आत्मा॑नः (ā́tmānaḥ)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अनात्मन् (anātman)
• आत्मभाव (ātmabhāva)
• महात्मन् (mahātman)

Pronoun

आत्मन् • (ātmán)

1. (reflexive pronoun) a person in the predicate who is also the subject of the sentence

Declension

Masculine an-stem declension of आ॒त्मन्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आ॒त्मा (ātmā́)	आ॒त्मानौ॑ (ātmā́nau) आ॒त्माना॑¹ (ātmā́nā¹)	आ॒त्मानः॑ (ātmā́naḥ)
accusative	आ॒त्मान॑म् (ātmā́nam)	आ॒त्मानौ॑ (ātmā́nau) आ॒त्माना॑¹ (ātmā́nā¹)	आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ)
instrumental	आ॒त्मना॑ (ātmánā)	आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām)	आ॒त्मभिः॑ (ātmábhiḥ)
dative	आ॒त्मने॑ (ātmáne)	आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām)	आ॒त्मभ्यः॑ (ātmábhyaḥ)
ablative	आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ)	आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām)	आ॒त्मभ्यः॑ (ātmábhyaḥ)
genitive	आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ)	आ॒त्मनोः॑ (ātmánoḥ)	आ॒त्मना॑म् (ātmánām)
locative	आ॒त्मनि॑ (ātmáni) आ॒त्मन्¹ (ātmán¹)	आ॒त्मनोः॑ (ātmánoḥ)	आ॒त्मसु॑ (ātmásu)
vocative	आत्म॑न् (ā́tman)	आत्मा॑नौ (ā́tmānau) आत्मा॑ना¹ (ā́tmānā¹)	आत्मा॑नः (ā́tmānaḥ)

• ¹Vedic

See also

• स्वयम् (svayám)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Domaaki: [script needed] (āpne)
  • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (amā̃)
  • Kashmiri:
    • Sharada script: 𑆥𑆳𑆤 (pāna)
    • Devanagari script: पान (pān)
    • Arabic script: پان (pān)
  • Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (toma)
  • Shina: [script needed] (tomu)
  • Torwali: [script needed] (pāe, “he”)
• Pali: attan, tuma
• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta), 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧 (appa), 𑀆𑀢 (āta), 𑀆𑀤 (āda), 𑀆𑀬 (āya) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms:

• → English: atman
• → Japanese: アートマン (ātoman)
• → Hindi: आत्मा (ātmā)
• → Korean: 아트만 (ateuman)
• → Marathi: आत्मा (ātmā)
• → Russian: а́тман (átman)
• → Spanish: atman
• → Tamil: ஆன்மா (āṉmā)
• → Telugu: ఆత్మ (ātma)
• → Tocharian B: ātmaṃttse

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “आत्मन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 135, column 1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ātmán”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press