آپ

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See also: ات, أب, آب, آت, and اب

Baluchi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-. Compare Persian آب (âb), Northern Kurdish av, Bakhtiari او (aw), Pashto اوبه (Obë /Obo), Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap), Sanskrit अप् (áp).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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آپ (áp)

  1. water

References

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  • Carina Jahani, Standardization and Orthography in the Balochi Language (1989), page 103: This would mean that, for instance, the Western forms gok 'cow', ap 'water', rod 'day' and waja 'master' would be written, but that the Easterners could read them out as gox, af, ros and waza.

Punjabi

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Pronoun

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آپ (āp) (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਪ)

  1. self, oneself; reflexive pronoun

Urdu

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, soul, spirit; self).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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آپ (āp) (Hindi spelling आप)

  1. (formal, polite) second-person subjective or objective personal pronoun, grammatically plural: you, ye; Early Modern English formal ye.
  2. (rare, honorific) third-person subjective or objective personal pronoun: he, she, they, him, her, them
    آپ نے فرمایا "جس شخص نے نکاح کرلیا اس نے اپنا آدھا دین مکمل کرلیا"۔
    āp SAW ne farmāyā "jis śaxs ne nikāh karliyā us-ne apnā ādhā dīn mukammal karliyā".
    He SAW said, "The person who gets married has completed half of his religion".
  3. reflexive pronoun: oneself, one's own
    Synonym: خود (xud)
    مشین آپ ہی چل پڑیmaśīn āp-hī cal paṛīthe machine started on its own

Usage notes

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  • آپ is the most formal way of expressing "you" in Urdu and is used when addressing elders or those higher in social status. Because less formal forms could offend others, آپ is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
  • Because آپ is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term آپ لوگ (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to because of T-V distinction.

Declension

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Derived terms

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See also

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  • تو () - informal, intimate, contemptuous or possibly vulgar, grammatically singular
  • تم (tum) - semiformal, familiar, grammatically plural
Urdu personal pronouns
Person Description Direct case Indirect case Ergative case Dative/Accusative case
1st person singular مَیں (ma͠i) مُجھ (mujh) مَیں نے (ma͠i ne) مُجھ کو (mujh ko),

مُجھے (mujhe)

formal (rare) خَاکْسَار (xāksār) خَاکْسَار نے (xāksār ne) خَاکْسَار کو (xāksār ko)
plural ہَم (ham) ہَم نے (ham ne) ہَم کو (ham ko),

ہَمیں (hamẽ)

2nd person informal (intimate) تُو () تُجھ (tujh) تُو نے (tū ne) تُجھ کو (tujh ko),

تُجھے (tujhe)

semiformal (familiar) تُم (tum) تُم نے (tum ne) تُم کو (tum ko),

تُمْہیں (tumhẽ)

formal (polite) آپ (āp) آپ نے (āp ne) آپ کو (āp ko)
3rd person proximal singular / informal یِہ (ye) اِس (is) اِس نے (is ne) اِس کو (is ko),

اِسے (ise)

plural / formal اِن (in) اِنْہوں نے (inhõ ne) اِن کو (in ko),

اِنْہیں (inhẽ)

distal singular / informal وُہ (vo) اُس (us) اُس نے (us ne) اُس کو (us ko),

اُسے (use)

plural / formal اُن (un) اُنْہوں نے (unhõ ne) اُن کو (un ko),

اُنْہیں (unhẽ)