او

See also: أو and آو

Languages (21)

Alviri-Vidari • Azerbaijani • Bakhtiari • Brahui • Chagatai • Early Old Oghuz • Kalami • Kashmiri • Kermanic • Khalaj • Larestani • Malay • Mazanderani • Old Anatolian Turkish • Ottoman Turkish • Pashto • Persian • Saraiki • Talysh • Urdu • Ushojo

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Page categories

Alviri-Vidari

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ov/

Noun

او (ov)

1. (Vidari) water

Synonyms

• اكا (oka) (Alviri)

References

• Yarshater, The Dialects of Alvīr and Vīdar

Azerbaijani

Pronoun

او (o)

1. Arabic spelling of o (“he, she, it”)

Bakhtiari

Etymology

Likely from Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-. Compare Persian آب (âb), Pashto اوبه (Obë /Obo), Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap).

Noun

او (aw)

1. water

References

• The Phonology of the Bakhtiari, Badakhshani, and Madaglashti Dialects of Modern Persian (1922)

Brahui

Pronoun

او (ō)

1. he

Chagatai

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/, /oˑ/, /o/, /u/

Pronoun

او • (ʾw /o/ or ʾw /u/)

1. alternative form of اول (ʾwl /⁠ol, ul⁠/)

Declension

Chagatai personal pronouns

	singular					plural
	1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		familiar	polite
nominative	من (män)	سن (sän)	سیز (siz)	اول (ul) او (u)		بیز (biz)	سیزلار (sizlär)	اولار (ular) الار (alar)
genitive	منینگ (mäning)	سنینگ (säning)	سیزنینگ (sizning)	اونینگ (unıng) انینگ (anıng)		بیزنينک (bizning)	سیزلارنینگ (sizlärning)	اولارنینگ (ularnıng)
dative	منگا (maña) مانگا (maña)	سنگا (saña) سانگا (saña)	سیزگه (sizgä)	اولارغه انگا (ularġa aña)		بیزگا (bizgä)	سیزلارگا (sizlärgä)	اولارغه (ularġa)
accusative	منی (mäni)	سنی (säni)	سیزنی (sizni)	انی (anı)		بیزنی (bizni)	سیزلارنی (sizlärni)	اولارنی (ularnı)
locative	منده (mändä)	سنده (sändä)	سیزده (sizdä)	اونینگده (unıngda) اندا (anda) انینگده (anıngda)		بیزده (bizdä)	سیزلارده (sizlärdä)	اولارده (ularda)
ablative	مندین (mändin)	سندین (sändin)	سیزدین (sizdin)	اونینگدین (unıngdın) اندین (andın) انینگدین (anıngdın)		بیزدین (bizdin)	سیزلاردین (sizlärdin)	اولاردین (ulardın)

Early Old Oghuz

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *eb.

Noun

اَوْ (ew)

1. house

Descendants

• Old Anatolian Turkish: او (ev)
  • Azerbaijani: əv
  • Gagauz: ev
  • Ottoman Turkish: او (ev)
    • Turkish: ev
• Salar: öy
• Turkmen: öý

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 32

Kalami

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *wed-

Proto-Indo-European *-r̥

Proto-Indo-European *wód-r̥ ~ *ud-né-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáH-r̥ ~ *ud-ná-s

Sanskrit उ॒दन्॑ (udán)

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Sanskrit -क (-ka)

Sanskrit उदक (udaka)

Kalami او

Inherited from Sanskrit उदक (udaka), from उ॒दन्॑ (udán, “water”) + -क (-ka). Cognate with Indus Kohistani وی (vī́).

Pronunciation

• Tone class: H(L)
• IPA^(key): /úː/

Noun

اُو (ū)

1. water

References

• Baart, Joan L. G. (1997), “ū”, in The sounds and tones of Kalam Kohistani: with wordlist and texts (Studies in Languages of Northern Pakistan; 1)‎^[1], National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University; Summer Institute of Linguistics, page 123

Kashmiri

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /waːwuk/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /oː/

Letter

او • (ō)

1. a vowel of Kashmiri.

Forms

The vowel او in its initial form is او , middle form و and final form و

See also

• Previous vowel: اۆ (o)
• Next vowel : اۄ (ọ)

Kermanic

Noun

او (ōū, ō) (Soi)

1. water

References

• Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura

Khalaj

Pronoun

اوْ (ô) (definite accusative اوُنؽ, plural اوُللار)

1. Arabic spelling of ô (“he, she, it”)

See also

Declension of Khalaj personal pronouns

	singular			plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	مَن	سَن	اوْ	بیز	سیز	اوُللار
genitive	مَنۆم	سَنۆݧ	اوُنؽݧ	سیزۆم	سیزۆݧ	اوُللارؽݧ
dative	مَݧه	سَݧه	اوُݧا	بیزکه	سیزکه	اوُللارقا
accusative	مه‌نۆ	سه‌‌نۆ	اوُنؽ	بیزۆ	سیزۆ	اوُللارؽ
locative	مه‌ندیچه	سه‌ندیچه	اوُندؽچا	بیزدییچه	سیزدیچه	اوُللارچا
ablative	مه‌نده	سه‌نده	اوُندا	بیزده	سیزده	اوُللاردا
instrumental	مه‌ندیله	سه‌ندیله	اوُندؽلا	بیزدیله	سیزدیله	اوُللَرلا
equative	مه‌ندیوارا	سه‌ندیوارا	اوُندؽوارا	بیزدیوارا	سیزدیوارا	اوُللاروارا

Larestani

Noun

او (ow)

1. water

References

• Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura

Malay

Interjection

او

1. Jawi spelling of au.‎

Mazanderani

Noun

او (ow, o)

1. water

Old Anatolian Turkish

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *eb.

Noun

اَوْ • (ev)

1. house, home

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: ev
• Gagauz: ev
• Ottoman Turkish: أو (ev)
  • Turkish: ev

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish اَوْ (ev), from Proto-Turkic *eb (“dwelling place, house”).

Noun

او • (ev)

1. house

Declension

Declension of او

	singular	plural
nominative	او (ev)	اولر (evler)
genitive	اوڭ (eviñ)	اولرڭ (evleriñ)
dative	اوه (eve)	اولره (evlere)
definite accusative	اوی (evi)	اولری (evleri)
locative	اوده (evde)	اولرده (evlerde)
ablative	اودن (evden)	اولردن (evlerden)

Synonyms

• خانه (hane)

Descendants

• Turkish: ev
• → Crimean Tatar: ev

Etymology 2

The older اول (ol) reduced to this form in ordinary speech.

Pronoun

او • (o)

1. (late Ottoman) alternative form of اول (ol, “he, she, it”)

Pashto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aʊ/, [a̝ʊ̯]

• Audio:

  (file)

Conjunction

او • (aw)

1. and

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (OLE), 𐭥𐭫𐭤 (ʿlh), 𐫀𐫇𐫏 (ʾwy /⁠ōy⁠/, “he; she; that”).

Alternative forms

• اورا (urâ, ôrâ) (as grammatical object)
• اوی (uy) (archaic)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʔoː/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔoː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔoː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔuː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔu]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔuː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɵ]

Readings
Classical reading?	ō
Dari reading?	ō
Iranian reading?	u
Tajik reading?	ü

• Homophone: آن (colloquial Dari)

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Pronoun

Dari	او
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ӯ

او • (u)

1. she, he, they (meaning the third-person singular, of unknown or irrelevant gender, but animate)

   Synonym: (colloquial) اون

   «او کُجَاسْت؟» «مَن نَمی‌دَانَم، اَمَّا مَن اورَا پیشْتَر دِیدَم»

   “ō kujāst?” “man namē-dānam, ammā man ōrā pēštar dīdam”

   "where is he?" "I don't know, but I saw him earlier"

   (Dari, more formal)

2. (Hazaragi, Kabuli) colloquial form of آن (ân, “it”)

Usage notes

• In many colloquial varieties or Persian, the terms آن (that, it) and او (he, she, they) have merged. In Iran this is typically realized as اون (un), in Afghanistan this is typically realized as اُو (ū).
  • In both Iran and Afghanistan the plural of these terms has similarly combined in colloquial speech, which is typically realized as اونا in both regions.
• When the pronoun is acting as a grammatical object, it is combined with the direct-object particle را (râ) as او را (u râ, ô râ) or contracted into a single word as اورا (urâ, ôrâ)
• (Iran, colloquial) contracted to اونو (uno) when used with the direct-object particle را (râ).

Synonyms

• وی (vay, vey)

Derived terms

• همو (hamu)

Descendants

• Judeo-Persian: או (u)

See also

Persian personal pronouns (Iranian Persian)

		singular	plural
1st person		مَن (man)	ما (mâ)
2nd person	familiar	تو (to)	شُما (šomâ)
	polite	شُما (šomâ)
3rd person	general	او (u) اون (on)*	آن‌ها (ân-hâ), آنان (ânân) اونا (onâ)*
	formal	وِی (vey)	ایشان (išân)
	polite	ایشان (išân)

* colloquial pronunciations

Persian personal pronouns (Classical and Dari)

			singular		plural
			nominative	accusative5	nominative	accusative5
1st person	general		من (man)	مرا (marā)	ما (mā)	—
	informal1		مه (ma)	مره (mara)		ماره (māra)
2nd person	familiar		تو (tū, tō)2	ترا (turā)	شما (šumā)	—
	formal		شما (šumā)	—
	informal1		—	تره (tura)	شمایا (šumāyā)	شمایاره (šumāyāra)
3rd person, proximal	general		او (ō) آن (ān)	—	آنان (ānān)4 آن‌ها (ān‑hā)4	—
	formal		وی (way)3 ایشان (ēšān)		ایشان (ēšān)
	informal	normal1	او (ū)	اوره (ūra)	اونا (ūnā)	ایناره (ūnāra)
		emphatic I1	اونو (ūnū)	اونوره (ūnūra)	وا (wā)	واره (wāra)
		emphatic II1	اونمو (ūnamū)	اونموره (ūnamūra)	اونموا (ūnamwā)	اونمواره (ūnamwāra)
3rd person, distal	general		این (īn)	—	اینان (īnān) این‌ها (īn‑hā)	—
	informal	normal1	ای (ī)	ایره (īra)	اینا (īnā)	ایناره (īnāra)
		emphatic I1	اینی (īnī)	اینیره (īnīra)	یا (yā)	یاره (yāra)
		emphatic II1	اینمی (īnamī)	اینمیره (īnamīra)	اینمیا (īnamyā)	اینمیاره (īnamyāra)

¹ Only applies to Dari.
² Only applies to Classical Persian.
³ Not formal in Tajik.
⁴ The plural forms آن‌ها and آنان are typically interchangeable.
⁵ All accusative pronouns can be created with the nominative + را; only unique forms are included.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Dari, various regions) IPA^(key): /aw/
• (Iran, various regions) IPA^(key): /ow/

Noun

او • (aw or ow)

1. (colloquial Dari or dialectal Southern Iran) dialectal form of آب (âb, “water; liquid; juice”)

Further reading

• Bulkin, Carleton (2012), “او”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 41

Saraiki

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/

Pronoun

او (ō) (Devanagari ओ)

1. (distal) third-person subjective personal pronoun: he, she, it, they
2. distal demonstrative pronoun: that, those

Talysh

Alternative forms

• آو (âv)

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš.

Noun

او (ov)

1. water

Urdu

Etymology 1

From Classical Persian او (ō).

Pronoun

او • (o) (Hindi spelling ओ)

1. he, she
2. third-person singular subjective personal pronoun of unspecified gender: they
3. that
4. it

Synonyms

• وہ (vo)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit इव (iva).

Adverb

اِو • (iv) (Hindi spelling इव)

1. thus
2. as
3. almost

Preposition

اِو • (iv) (Hindi spelling इव)

1. as
2. like

Ushojo

Interjection

او (ō)

1. oh
2. hey