एतद्

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

etad (Latin script)
𑀏𑀢𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
এতদ্ (Bengali script)
එතද් (Sinhalese script)
ဧတဒ် or ဨတဒ် or ဢေတၻ် (Burmese script)
เอตทฺ or เอตัท (Thai script)
ᩑᨲᨴ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
ເອຕທ຺ or ເອຕັທ (Lao script)
ឯតទ៑ (Khmer script)
𑄃𑄬𑄖𑄘𑄴 (Chakma script)

Adjective

एतद्

Devanagari script form of etad, which is nominative/accusative singular neuter of एत (eta, “this”)

Pronoun

एतद् n

Devanagari script form of etad, which is nominative/accusative singular of एत (eta, “this one”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

এতদ্ (Assamese script)
ᬏᬢᬤ᭄ (Balinese script)
এতদ্ (Bengali script)
𑰊𑰝𑰟𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀏𑀢𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
ဧတဒ် (Burmese script)
એતદ્ (Gujarati script)
ਏਤਦ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌏𑌤𑌦𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦌꦠꦢ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂉𑂞𑂠𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಏತದ್ (Kannada script)
ឯតទ៑ (Khmer script)
ເອຕທ຺ (Lao script)
ഏതദ് (Malayalam script)
ᡝᢠᠠᡩ (Manchu script)
𑘊𑘝𑘟𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠧᢐᠠᢑ (Mongolian script)
𑦪𑦽𑦿𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐊𑐟𑐡𑑂 (Newa script)
ଏତଦ୍ (Odia script)
ꢍꢡꢣ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆍𑆠𑆢𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖊𑖝𑖟𑖿 (Siddham script)
එතද් (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩔𑩫𑩭 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚆𑚙𑚛𑚶 (Takri script)
ஏதத்³ (Tamil script)
ఏతద్ (Telugu script)
เอตทฺ (Thai script)
ཨེ་ཏ་ད྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒋𑒞𑒠𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨄𑨙𑨛𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *éy + *tód. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀𐬝 (aētat̰). With a different first element are Russian этот (etot), Latin istud.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐj.tɐ́d/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /eː.t̪ɐd̪/

Pronoun

ए॒तद् • (etád)

this, this here
एष बाणः ― eṣa bāṇaḥ ― this arrow

एष कालः ― eṣa kālaḥ ― this time, i.e. now
- (Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎^[1], Colombo, 2009:
  5. න හි වෛරෙණ වෛරාණී ශාම්‍යන‍්තීහ කදාචන
  ක්‍ෂාන‍්ත්‍යා වෛරාණී ශම්‍යන‍්ති එෂ ධර්‍මඃ සනාතනඃ.
  5. Na hi vaireṇa vairāṇi śāmyantīha kadācana.
  Kṣāntyā vairāṇi śāmyanti eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.
  5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred.
  Hatreds are settled by forbearance. This is an eternal truth.
  (literally, “5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred.
  Hatreds are settled by forbearance. This truth is eternal.”)
  (Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)
sometimes used to give emphasis to the personal pronouns
एषोऽहम् ― eṣoʼham ― I (emphatic); the person right here

Declension

Masculine pronominal a-stem declension of ए॒त
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ए॒षः (eṣáḥ) ए॒ष (eṣá)	ए॒तौ (etáu) ए॒ता¹ (etā́¹)	ए॒ते (eté)
accusative	ए॒तम् (etám)	ए॒तौ (etáu) ए॒ता¹ (etā́¹)	ए॒तान् (etā́n)
instrumental	ए॒तेन॑ (eténa)	ए॒ताभ्या॑म् (etā́bhyām)	ए॒तैः (etáiḥ) ए॒तेभिः॑¹ (etébhiḥ¹)
dative	ए॒तस्मै॑ (etásmai)	ए॒ताभ्या॑म् (etā́bhyām)	ए॒तेभ्यः॑ (etébhyaḥ)
ablative	ए॒तस्मा॑त् (etásmāt)	ए॒ताभ्या॑म् (etā́bhyām)	ए॒तेभ्यः॑ (etébhyaḥ)
genitive	ए॒तस्य॑ (etásya)	ए॒तयोः॑ (etáyoḥ)	ए॒तेषा॑म् (etéṣām)
locative	ए॒तस्मि॑न् (etásmin)	ए॒तयोः॑ (etáyoḥ)	ए॒तेषु॑ (etéṣu)
vocative	-	-	-

¹Vedic

Feminine pronominal ā-stem declension of ए॒ता
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ए॒षा (eṣā́)	ए॒ते (eté)	ए॒ताः (etā́ḥ)
accusative	ए॒ताम् (etā́m)	ए॒ते (eté)	ए॒ताः (etā́ḥ)
instrumental	ए॒तया॑ (etáyā) ए॒ता¹ (etā́¹)	ए॒ताभ्या॑म् (etā́bhyām)	ए॒ताभिः॑ (etā́bhiḥ)
dative	ए॒तस्यै॑ (etásyai)	ए॒ताभ्या॑म् (etā́bhyām)	ए॒ताभ्यः॑ (etā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	ए॒तस्याः॑ (etásyāḥ)	ए॒ताभ्या॑म् (etā́bhyām)	ए॒ताभ्यः॑ (etā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	ए॒तस्याः॑ (etásyāḥ)	ए॒तयोः॑ (etáyoḥ)	ए॒तासा॑म् (etā́sām)
locative	ए॒तस्या॑म् (etásyām)	ए॒तयोः॑ (etáyoḥ)	ए॒तासु॑ (etā́su)
vocative	-	-	-

¹Vedic

Neuter pronominal a-stem declension of ए॒त
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ए॒तत् (etát)	ए॒ते (eté)	ए॒तानि॑ (etā́ni) ए॒ता¹ (etā́¹)
accusative	ए॒तत् (etát)	ए॒ते (eté)	ए॒तानि॑ (etā́ni) ए॒ता¹ (etā́¹)
instrumental	ए॒तेन॑ (eténa)	ए॒ताभ्या॑म् (etā́bhyām)	ए॒तैः (etáiḥ) ए॒तेभिः॑¹ (etébhiḥ¹)
dative	ए॒तस्मै॑ (etásmai)	ए॒ताभ्या॑म् (etā́bhyām)	ए॒तेभ्यः॑ (etébhyaḥ)
ablative	ए॒तस्मा॑त् (etásmāt)	ए॒ताभ्या॑म् (etā́bhyām)	ए॒तेभ्यः॑ (etébhyaḥ)
genitive	ए॒तस्य॑ (etásya)	ए॒तयोः॑ (etáyoḥ)	ए॒तेषा॑म् (etéṣām)
locative	ए॒तस्मि॑न् (etásmin)	ए॒तयोः॑ (etáyoḥ)	ए॒तेषु॑ (etéṣu)
vocative	-	-	-

¹Vedic

Derived terms

एतन्मय (etanmáya)
एतर्हि (etárhi)
एतादृश् (etādṛ́ś)
एतावत् (etā́vat)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kalami: aṣe
- Khowar: ہیس (hes)
- Torwali: اے (e)
Pali: eso, eta
Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀏𑀱 (eṣa), 𑀏𑀲 (esa), 𑀏𑀲𑀸 (esā)
- Prakrit: 𑀏𑀲𑁄 (eso), 𑀏𑀅𑀁 (eaṃ), 𑀏𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (eassa)
  - Central:
    - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
      - Awadhi: यह (yah), एहु (ehu), इउ (iu)
    - Sauraseni Prakrit:
      - Domaaki: [script needed] (hei)
      - Old Hindi: यहु (yahu), यह (yaha), यौ (yau)
        Braj: यह (yah)
        Hindustani:
        Hindi: यह (yah)
        Urdu: یہ (yah)
  - Eastern:
    - Magadhi Prakrit:
      - Assamese: ই (i), এই (ei)
      - Bengali: এ (e), এই (ei)
      - Bihari:
        Maithili: ई (ī), एँ (ē̃)
      - Odia: ଏ (e)
  - Northern:
    - Khasa Prakrit:
      - Central Pahari:
        Kumaoni: यो (yo)
      - Eastern Pahari:
        Nepali: यो (yo), यस (yas)
      - Western Pahari:
        Bhadrawahi: ई (ī), इस (is)
  - Northwestern:
    - Paisaci Prakrit:
      - Takka Apabhramsa:
        Lahnda: اے (e), اس (is), ایہو (īho)
        
        Punjabi: eh, ih, e
        Gurmukhi script: ਏਹ, ਇਹ, ਏ
        
        Shahmukhi script: اِہ, اِہ, اے
      - Vracada Apabhramsa:
        Sindhi: hī, hīa
        Arabic script: هِي (hī), هِيءَ (hīa)
        
        Devanagari script: ही, हीअ
  - Southern:
    - Helu Prakrit:
      - Dhivehi: އެ (e)
      - Sinhalese: එ (e), ඒ (ē)
  - Western:
    - Sauraseni Prakrit:
      - Gujarati: એ (e)

Adverb

ए॒तद् • (etád)

in this manner, thus, so, here, at this time, now

References

Monier Williams (1899), “एतद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 231, column 2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “eṣá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 272-3
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ēṣá¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 122