गुण
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Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇá).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]गुण • (guṇ) m
- quality, condition
- उसके कोई अच्छे गुण हैं ही नहीं।
- uske koī acche guṇ ha͠i hī nahī̃.
- He has no good qualities at all.
- characteristic, property
- merit, virtue
Declension
[edit]Declension of गुण (masc cons-stem)
Alternative forms
[edit]- गुन (gun) — Braj Bhāshā, dated
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇá).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]गुण • (guṇ) m
- (good) quality,
- attribute, property
- excellence, merit, virtue
- benefit, advantage, good, gain
- product, effect, matter (produced or resulting)
- marks
Declension
[edit]Declension of गुण (masc cons-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
direct singular |
गुण guṇ | ||
direct plural |
गुण guṇ | ||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
nominative प्रथमा |
गुण guṇ |
गुण guṇ | |
oblique सामान्यरूप |
गुणा guṇā |
गुणां- guṇān- | |
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
गुणाला guṇālā |
गुणांना guṇānnā | |
ergative | गुणाने, गुणानं guṇāne, guṇāna |
गुणांनी guṇānnī | |
instrumental | गुणाशी guṇāśī |
गुणांशी guṇānśī | |
locative सप्तमी |
गुणात guṇāt |
गुणांत guṇāt | |
vocative संबोधन |
गुणा guṇā |
गुणांनो guṇānno | |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. |
Genitive declension of गुण (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
गुणाचा guṇāċā |
गुणाचे guṇāċe |
गुणाची guṇācī |
गुणाच्या guṇācā |
गुणाचे, गुणाचं guṇāċe, guṇāċa |
गुणाची guṇācī |
गुणाच्या guṇācā | |
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
गुणांचा guṇānċā |
गुणांचे guṇānċe |
गुणांची guṇāñcī |
गुणांच्या guṇāncā |
गुणांचे, गुणांचं guṇānċe, guṇānċa |
गुणांची guṇāñcī |
गुणांच्या guṇāñcā | |
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. |
References
[edit]- Berntsen, Maxine, “गुण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “गुण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Old Gujarati
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇá).
Noun
[edit]गुण • (guṇa) m
Descendants
[edit]- Gujarati: ગુણ (guṇ)
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Noun
[edit]गुण m
- Devanagari script form of guṇa (“string”)
- Devanagari script form of guṇa (“quality”)
Declension
[edit]Declension table of "गुण" (masculine)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | गुणो (guṇo) | गुणा (guṇā) |
Accusative (second) | गुणं (guṇaṃ) | गुणे (guṇe) |
Instrumental (third) | गुणेन (guṇena) | गुणेहि (guṇehi) or गुणेभि (guṇebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | गुणस्स (guṇassa) or गुणाय (guṇāya) or गुणत्थं (guṇatthaṃ) | गुणानं (guṇānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | गुणस्मा (guṇasmā) or गुणम्हा (guṇamhā) or गुणा (guṇā) | गुणेहि (guṇehi) or गुणेभि (guṇebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | गुणस्स (guṇassa) | गुणानं (guṇānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | गुणस्मिं (guṇasmiṃ) or गुणम्हि (guṇamhi) or गुणे (guṇe) | गुणेसु (guṇesu) |
Vocative (calling) | गुण (guṇa) | गुणा (guṇā) |
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- গুণ (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬸᬡ (Balinese script)
- গুণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰲𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀼𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- ဂုဏ (Burmese script)
- ગુણ (Gujarati script)
- ਗੁਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑍁𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦸꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂳𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ಗುಣ (Kannada script)
- គុណ (Khmer script)
- ຄຸຓ (Lao script)
- ഗുണ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᡠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘳𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠤᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧔𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐸𑐞 (Newa script)
- ଗୁଣ (Odia script)
- ꢔꢸꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆶𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖲𑖜 (Siddham script)
- ගුණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩒𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚰𑚘 (Takri script)
- கு³ண (Tamil script)
- గుణ (Telugu script)
- คุณ (Thai script)
- གུ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒳𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨃𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Of uncertain origin. The oldest attested meaning is probably “time, occurrence”, though the original meaning is probably "hair" or "string". The prevailing theory links the word to Persian گون (gun, “color; species”); see there for more. Other theories connect the word to Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 (kunawida, “fetters”) and Avestan 𐬔𐬏𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (gūnaoiti, “increases”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]गुण • (guṇá) stem, m
- string, strand
- sinew (of a bow)
- string (of an instrument)
- time (occurrence)
- quality, property
- (grammar, ablaut) full grade of vowels, ie /a/, /ar/, /e/, and /o/ (contrasts with zero grade and lengthened grade/vṛddhi)
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of गुण (guṇá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | गुणः guṇáḥ |
गुणौ / गुणा¹ guṇaú / guṇā́¹ |
गुणाः / गुणासः¹ guṇā́ḥ / guṇā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | गुण gúṇa |
गुणौ / गुणा¹ gúṇau / gúṇā¹ |
गुणाः / गुणासः¹ gúṇāḥ / gúṇāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | गुणम् guṇám |
गुणौ / गुणा¹ guṇaú / guṇā́¹ |
गुणान् guṇā́n |
Instrumental | गुणेन guṇéna |
गुणाभ्याम् guṇā́bhyām |
गुणैः / गुणेभिः¹ guṇaíḥ / guṇébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | गुणाय guṇā́ya |
गुणाभ्याम् guṇā́bhyām |
गुणेभ्यः guṇébhyaḥ |
Ablative | गुणात् guṇā́t |
गुणाभ्याम् guṇā́bhyām |
गुणेभ्यः guṇébhyaḥ |
Genitive | गुणस्य guṇásya |
गुणयोः guṇáyoḥ |
गुणानाम् guṇā́nām |
Locative | गुणे guṇé |
गुणयोः guṇáyoḥ |
गुणेषु guṇéṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]- Pali: guṇa
- → English: guna
- → Hindi: गुण (guṇ)
- → Marathi: गुण m (guṇ)
- → Malay: guna
- Indonesian: guna
- → Old Gujarati: गुण (guṇa)
- → Old Javanese: guṇa
- → Telugu: గుణము (guṇamu)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “गुण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0357/1.
- Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “गुण”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 489
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 338
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