guna

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See also: Guna, gúna, günä, and guṇa

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Sanskrit गुण (guṇá, “quality”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

guna (plural gunas)

  1. (Sanskrit linguistics) A lengthening of the simple vowels a, i, e, by prefixing an a element.
  2. In Hindu philosophy, any of the three fundamental operating principles or tendencies of prakṛti (universal nature): sattva, rajas, and tamas.

Anagrams[edit]

Bikol Central[edit]

Sarong gunâ kaiba an saiyang mga siyo (A mother hen with her chicks).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɡuˈnaʔ/, [ɡuˈn̪aʔ]
  • Hyphenation: gu‧na

Noun[edit]

gunâ (Basahan spelling ᜄᜓᜈ)

  1. (Naga) hen
    Synonym: gunakan

See also[edit]

Cebuano[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: gu‧na
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡuna/, [ˈɡu.n̪ʌ]

Noun[edit]

guna

  1. a type of bolo knife, shorter and smaller than a sundang and with a blunt point, primarily used for weeding, digging and loosening the soil around plants

Verb[edit]

guna

  1. to weed, dig or loosen the soil using a guna

Chinese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From pinyin transcription of the phrase 滾啊 (gǔn a, “go away, go to hell”).

Interjection[edit]

guna

  1. (Mandarin, Internet slang, humorous, euphemistic) go away; get lost; GTFO

Gamilaraay[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Central New South Wales *gunang, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

guna

  1. excrement, faeces, shit

References[edit]

  • Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
  • Peter Austin, A Reference Dictionary of Gamilaraay, northern New South Wales (1993)

Hausa[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɡú.nàː/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [ɡʷʊ́.nàː]

Noun[edit]

gunā̀ f (plural gunōnī, possessed form gunàr̃)

  1. tsamma (a bitter melon, Citrullus lanatus)
  2. An epithet for someone who is not as strong as expected.
  3. (colloquial) A girl who is physically mature with developed breasts.

Indonesian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Malay guna (“usage”), from Classical Malay guna, from Sanskrit गुण (guṇa, “use”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

guna (first-person possessive gunaku, second-person possessive gunamu, third-person possessive gunanya)

  1. benefit
  2. purpose, function
  3. goodness

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Preposition[edit]

guna

  1. for

Synonyms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Kriol[edit]

Noun[edit]

guna

  1. feces
  2. anus

Verb[edit]

guna

  1. to defecate

Lindu[edit]

Noun[edit]

guna

  1. use; purpose

Malay[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Sanskrit गुण (guṇa, “use”).

Noun[edit]

guna (Jawi spelling ݢونا‎, plural guna-guna, informal 1st possessive gunaku, 2nd possessive gunamu, 3rd possessive gunanya)

  1. benefit
    Synonyms: faedah, manfaat
  2. function, use
    Synonyms: fungsi, peranan
  3. goodness, kindness
    Synonyms: budi baik, kebaikan
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Indonesian: guna

Preposition[edit]

guna (Jawi spelling ݢونا‎)

  1. for
    Synonyms: bagi, untuk

Etymology 2[edit]

Clipping of menggunakan.

Verb[edit]

guna (Jawi spelling ݢونا‎)

  1. (informal) to use
    Aku guna fon aku ni hanya untuk menelefon mak ayah aku selalunya.
    I usually use my phone here just to call my parents.

Further reading[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English goon.[1][2]

Pronunciation[edit]

 

  • Hyphenation: gu‧na

Noun[edit]

guna m or f by sense (plural gunas)

  1. (Portugal, Porto, colloquial) a street thug, sometimes associated with the practice of robberies committed as a gang action

References[edit]

  1. ^ “guna” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
  2. ^ “guna” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡuna/ [ˈɡu.na]
  • Rhymes: -una
  • Syllabification: gu‧na

Noun[edit]

guna f (plural gunas)

  1. (Hinduism) guna

Swahili[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb[edit]

-guna (infinitive kuguna)

  1. to moan, grunt

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of -guna
Positive present -naguna
Subjunctive -gune
Negative -guni
Imperative singular guna
Infinitives
Positive kuguna
Negative kutoguna
Imperatives
Singular guna
Plural guneni
Tensed forms
Habitual huguna
Positive past positive subject concord + -liguna
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuguna
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naguna)
Singular Plural
1st person ninaguna/naguna tunaguna
2nd person unaguna mnaguna
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaguna wanaguna
other classes positive subject concord + -naguna
Negative present (negative subject concord + -guni)
Singular Plural
1st person siguni hatuguni
2nd person huguni hamguni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) haguni hawaguni
other classes negative subject concord + -guni
Positive future positive subject concord + -taguna
Negative future negative subject concord + -taguna
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -gune)
Singular Plural
1st person nigune tugune
2nd person ugune mgune
3rd person m-wa(I/II) agune wagune
other classes positive subject concord + -gune
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sigune
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeguna
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeguna
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliguna
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliguna
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aguna)
Singular Plural
1st person naguna twaguna
2nd person waguna mwaguna
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aguna waguna
m-mi(III/IV) waguna yaguna
ji-ma(V/VI) laguna yaguna
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaguna vyaguna
n(IX/X) yaguna zaguna
u(XI) waguna see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwaguna
pa(XVI) paguna
mu(XVIII) mwaguna
Perfect positive subject concord + -meguna
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshaguna
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaguna
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiguna
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipoguna
Consecutive kaguna / positive subject concord + -kaguna
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kagune
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -niguna -tuguna
2nd person -kuguna -waguna/-kuguneni/-waguneni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mguna -waguna
m-mi(III/IV) -uguna -iguna
ji-ma(V/VI) -liguna -yaguna
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiguna -viguna
n(IX/X) -iguna -ziguna
u(XI) -uguna see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuguna
pa(XVI) -paguna
mu(XVIII) -muguna
Reflexive -jiguna
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -guna- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -gunaye -gunao
m-mi(III/IV) -gunao -gunayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -gunalo -gunayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -gunacho -gunavyo
n(IX/X) -gunayo -gunazo
u(XI) -gunao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -gunako
pa(XVI) -gunapo
mu(XVIII) -gunamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -guna)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeguna -oguna
m-mi(III/IV) -oguna -yoguna
ji-ma(V/VI) -loguna -yoguna
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choguna -vyoguna
n(IX/X) -yoguna -zoguna
u(XI) -oguna see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koguna
pa(XVI) -poguna
mu(XVIII) -moguna
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Zazaki[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Persian گناه‎ (gonâh).

Noun[edit]

guna

  1. sin
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